老託福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE7
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老託福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 7
As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland. Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, Pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.
Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items.
Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.
One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Philadelphia's agriculture importance
(B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center
(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia
(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia
2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because
(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets
(B) the High Street Market was forced to close
(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population
(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.
3. The word "hinterland " in line 3 is closest in meaning to
(A) tradition
(B) association
(C) produce
(D) region
4. The word "it" in line 6 refers to
(A) the crowded city
(B) a radius
(C) the High Street Market
(D) the period
5. The word "persisted" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) returned
(B) started
(C) declined
(D) continued
6. According to the passage , fairs in Philadelphia were held
(A) on the same day as market says
(B) as often as possible
(C) a couple of times a year
(D) whenever the government allowed it
7. It can be inferred that the author mentions "Linens and stockings" in line 12 to show that they were items that
(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell
(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia
(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia
(D) could easily be transported
8. The word "eradicate" in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) eliminate
(B) exploit
(C) organize
(D) operate
9. What does the author mean by stating in lines 15-16 that "economic development was on the merchants' side "?
(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.
(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.
(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence
(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful.
10. The word "undergoing" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) requesting
(B) experiencing
(C) repeating
(D) including
正確答案： BCDCD CBABB
備考託福閱讀有哪些需要注意的事項?
1、對託福閱讀題型需瞭解
託福閱讀總共包含了三篇文章，每篇文章的單詞數在650～750個單詞之間，對應考試試題一般在12道左右，這些題目的類型包含：總結題、圖表題、詞彙題、推斷題、修辭目的題、事實信息題等題目。託福閱讀的考試時間在60分鐘，這個時間需要你去合理的分配時間，在規定的時間把所有的題都解決掉。
2、託福閱讀誤區需避免
在託福閱讀考試中一些誤區是要同學們要必須避免的，在平常的備考練習中就要時刻謹記，首先在閱讀審題時不要一字不漏的都看完這樣你的時間就根本不夠用，要學會抓重點。其次是文章沒有看完就開始做題，這樣整體文章說的什麼都不知道，想做對題那就更難了。第三是懼怕生詞，做題難免會遇到生詞，這時也不要緊張，通過上下文的分析找到正確答案是沒有問題的。
3、掌握解題技巧
除了瞭解託福閱讀考什麼外，掌握解題技巧也是拿到滿意託福成績的關鍵。託福解題技巧能夠讓你在解答過程中除了節省時間外正確率也是非常高的。首先做閱讀的前提是英語單詞得認識，在掌握了託福閱讀做題方法之前，單詞的記憶是必修課，提高詞彙量是提高閱讀成績的基礎。很多同學在做閱讀時先讀文章每段的首句，然後再看考試題目，再找出文章的託福閱讀應對試題。這需要同學們找到適合自己的解題方法來應對解題。
託福閱讀的十大題型特點整理
一、列舉和並列句
列舉指的是： First,... Second,... Third,.。。等逐條列出。並列句是指：A ，B and C，即逐項列出。它們共同的特徵是列出二點或三點以上的條目。該類型語言點常考的題型是“細節性問題”，主要有兩種：
1. Which 題型
該題型只要求從並列的三頂中選一項作爲答案，其它條目與題目無關。在這種情況下，往往題目的答案出自最後一個選項。
2 . EXCEPT 題型
該題型俗稱“三缺一”題型，即題目 4 個選項中有三個符合文章內容，剩下一個不符合，題目便是要求選出這個不符合文章內容的選項。例如： All of the following are mentioned as types of evidence concerning handedness EXCEPT 這種題型只適合於考並列、列舉句，這是因爲它要求其三個選項一定是文章中出現的，也就是並列或列舉之處。利用這一特點。我們在讀文章的時候就可多留意，如看到並列、列舉句，可預想其有可能被考到;如發現題目中有“三缺一”題型，則應到並列、列舉處找答案。
二、否定及轉折句
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否定句是指帶有 NO 或 NOT ， NEVER 等否定詞的句子，而轉折句則指帶有 HOWEVER ， BUT 或RATHER 等關聯詞引導的句子，它們可以用下面的句型說明： A is not B ， as C ， but is D 。對於以上的句型常出“推斷性問題”。
三、舉例句
句中由 as 或 such as ， for example 等引導的短語或句子爲舉例句，常考“推斷性問題”和“細節性問題”。上面句型中的 as C 爲插入的舉例句。
四、數字與年代
文中的數字、年代、日期等常常是出題者注意的考題點，如 1996 年 10 月第 48 題。
五、最高級及絕對性詞彙
文章中若出現 must ， all ， only ， anyone ， always ， never 等絕對性詞彙或 first ， most beautiful 等最高級詞彙，往往是考題要點，一般出“細節性題目”。這是因爲它們都有一個共同的特點，那就是 概念絕對 ， 答案唯一 ，無論是出題還是做題，不會產出歧義和疑問，因此很容易出題，答案絕對正確。相反地，如果文章中出現相對性的詞彙、例如 Some of the people chose red hats,some chose green hats,and others blue ones. 其中 some 爲相對性詞彙，如果我們出這樣一道題： What color hats did some people choose 那麼就沒有唯一正確的答案，因爲有可能爲 red,green 或 blue ，給評卷帶來困難。
六、比較級及比喻
如果文中含有 more than 或 as as ，like ( a fly )等句型，則爲比較級或比喻句結構，往往也是考題點，一般出“推斷性題目”。
七、同位語及插入語
文章中帶有由 that is ，i.e. ，or 等詞彙引導的名詞詞組，放在一個名詞後面，爲同位語;插入語是指副詞、不定式、分詞、從句等結構故在句首，句中或句尾，不做句子成分，但修飾整個句子、表達作者感情的語法結構。 這些用逗號隔開的持殊結構往往也是考查的重點，一般會出“細節性題目”。
八、因果句
句中若有如下結構或詞彙的稱爲因果句：
(1) 因果連詞：because，since，for，as，therefore，so，consequently 等
(2)表示因果的動詞：cause ，result in ，originate from 等;
(3) 表示因果的名詞： base, basis, result,consequence 等，這些因果句都是指明某兩個事件之間因果關係的，尤爲出題者所青陳。因爲通過出題可以考查文中兩個事件內在的因果關係。此種句型一般出“推斷性問題”。
九、段落句
文章各段第一句( 段首句 )和末段員後一句( 文尾句 )都是十分重要的地方，往往是文章作者表達中思想，進行總結綜述的地方，因此常出(1)主題性問題，(2)細節性問題(3)結構性問題。
十、特殊標點
有一些特殊標點的含義也屬於考查範圍，它們是：
(1) 破折號，表示解釋。考細節性問題;
(2) 括號，表示解釋。考細節性問題;
(3) 冒號，一股同上，有時冒號也表示列舉，則考“ EXCEPT ”題目;
(4) 引號。表示引用，考細節性問題：
(5) 驚歎號，表示作者感情，考態度性問題。
託福閱讀的科學練習方法
科學的閱讀方法
關於閱讀方法只是對在有限時間內有效閱讀託福文章的方法進行一個簡單的介紹。閱讀技巧，特別是速度技巧中，有兩個重要的方法:Skimming&Scanning.
Skimming是隻看主要大意的速讀。一篇文章的大意是有重點的。比如，當出現first second的這種歸類總結的地方，或because，as a result這樣的因果關係，或是 but，however的語意轉折處，都需要格外留心。託福文章講述主要觀點之後通常會有for example來佐證，如果看懂了主要觀點，那麼對示例所用的時間和精力就不需要太多了。Skimming的技巧在第一遍閱讀文章意圖抓住文章大意時是非常重要的。
Scanning是“掃描”，但具體到閱讀中，大家最熟悉的莫過於查詞典時。在有意識地去查某個生詞的時候，我們不會去把它所在的頁上每一個字都看一遍才找到想要的。幾乎眼睛對詞典中的一頁掃一下，腦中只有要找的字，看到它，其他的地方都像沒有看到一樣。在託福的閱讀中，scanning的技巧在回答問題時，根據題幹中問到的內容，在文章中scan，可以幫助考生準確地定位，找到答案。
託福的文章長度大多在300-400字之間。以平均每篇讀10分鐘計算，按照每分鐘閱讀150字的速度，一篇文章從頭到尾通讀，至少需2-3分鐘。這可瞭解文章的大意，但不一定保證讀得透徹。在第一遍通讀的過程中，考生不要期望每個字都一定要理解，遇到不懂的字不必多逗留或苦思冥想可能的意思，這樣會浪費時間的。只需一直往下看，用前面介紹到的skimming原則，掌握文章的主旨即可。這個過程中，文章的第一段，尤其是每段的第一句話往往起着提綱挈領或起承轉合的作用，是閱讀時要多留心的地方。
老託福閱讀試題及答案：PASSAGE 7
