CNN闢謠：波士頓馬拉松爆炸案的五大謠言

In the aftermath of dramatic events like Monday's bombing attack at the Boston Marathon, it's a truth of our times that millions of people will get early bits of news via social media.
在類似波士頓爆炸案這樣的重大突發事件之後，數百萬人會通過社交媒體獲得早期報道，這是我們時代的事實。

To be sure, sites like Twitter and Facebook were used extensively by police, relief groups and governments to share important information about the bombings. But there's also a more unfortunate side to how the Web responds to sudden bad news.
誠然，警方、救援團體、政府在分享有關爆炸的重要信息方面大量使用twitter和facebook這樣的社交網站，但網絡在應對突發壞消息方面還有更不幸的一面。

Sometimes accidentally and sometimes maliciously, false information gets loose. And in the rapid-fire digital echo chamber, it doesn't take long to spread.
有些出於無心，有些則是故意，假消息不斷涌現，而在當今時代，這些不實信息會迅速擴散傳播。

"On days like this, Twitter shows its best & worst: loads of info at huge speed, but often false & sometimes deliberately so," said Mark Blank-Settle, of the BBC College of Journalism, in a post on the site.
“在發生這樣重大事件的日子，推特展現了它最好和最壞的一面：信息得以快速傳播，但經常有假消息還是故意散播開的”，BBC新聞學院的馬克在網上一篇報道中這樣說道。

As always, news discovered online (or anywhere else, really) should be double-checked before it's passed along -- especially in times of tragedy.
同平時一樣，在傳播網上以及任何其他途徑得來的消息之前應當進行覈實，尤其是在這樣的悲劇時刻。

Here are some of the most widely shared untrue news items we've found on social media in the past 24 hours.
以下是CNN在過去24小時內在社交網站上發現的有關波士頓爆炸案傳播得最廣的一些不實新聞。
Man planned to propose, girlfriend killed
男子計劃終點線求婚，女朋友卻被炸死

Among the many gripping images to emerge from the bombing's aftermath was one of a man in a red shirt, kneeling on the ground cradling a woman in his arms. It went viral -- with a heartbreaking, but fake, story attached.
爆炸案發生後出現了衆多引人注意的照片，其中有一張拍的是，一名穿紅色襯衣的男子跪在地上，手臂抱着一名女性。這張圖片迅速傳開，但是人們給它加上了一個令人心碎卻不實的故事。

"The man in the red shirt planned to propose to his girlfriend as he crossed the finish line of the Boston Marathon, but she passed away" it reads. "Most of us will never experience this amount of emotional pain."
“穿紅色襯衣的男子計劃在跨過波士頓馬拉松比賽終點線後向女朋友求婚，但她卻過世了”，故事寫道，“我們中的大多數人永遠不會體會到那樣深重的情感痛苦。”

The image is, in fact, real. It comes from the Boston Globe and was shared through Getty Images. But the agency's caption merely describes the scene as a man comforting an injured woman at the finish line.
實際上，圖片是真實的，來自《波士頓環球報》，通過蓋蒂圖片社分享到網絡上。但圖片社的圖片說明只是稱：那是一名男子在終點線安慰一名受傷女子。

That didn't stop it from making the rounds in a big way. A somewhat misleading Facebook account pretending to represent actor Will Ferrell (it calls itself a "parody" but has 385,000 likes) shared the post. By Tuesday morning, the picture had more than 448,000 "likes" and had been shared over 92,000 times.
這個事實並沒有阻止“求婚”說法大量傳播。一個冒充好萊塢演員威爾·法瑞爾的Facebook賬號轉發了這張圖片（該賬號自稱是惡搞，卻有385000個“贊”）。至週二早上，這張圖片已有448,000個“贊”，被分享超過92,000次。
Young girl died at finish line
小女孩在終點線遇難

Another heart-wrenching image of a supposed victim went viral. In this one, a young girl running in a road race is pictured, with text saying she died in one of the blasts. As an added cruel twist, the post says she was "running for the Sandy Hook victims."
另一張據稱是受害者的圖片也在網上大量傳播，這張照片令人心碎。照片中一名小女孩在跑步，文字描述稱她死於波士頓爆炸案的其中一起爆炸中，甚至還稱，她是爲了去年底的桑迪胡克校園槍擊案遇難者而參加波士頓馬拉松的。那次槍擊案導致20名小學生死亡，在美國全國掀起控槍大討論。

But a quick look at the photo shows that her runner's bib is from the Joe Cassella 5K in Great Falls, Virginia. Also, the Boston Marathon does not allow runners that young.
但仔細看看照片就可以發現，她的胸牌上寫着，她參加的是弗吉尼亞州大瀑布城的喬-卡塞拉5公里跑。此外，據悉波士頓馬拉松並不允許這麼小的選手參賽。

On Google+, one of the users who shared the image followed it with "poor little killed in boston..):" By Tuesday, it had more than 500 comments and had become a "What's Hot" post on the site -- appearing in the feeds of all users who haven't turned off that feature.
一名用戶在Google+分享這張圖片，加上了文字描述：“可憐的小女孩，在波士頓遇難”。至16日，它已有500個評論，入選熱門貼子，並出現在所用訂閱用戶的推送中。

On Tuesday, organizers of that race shot down the tale on their Facebook account. "We would like to clarify that the picture circulating on the web and Twitter of a little girl wearing a Joe Cassella 5K bib claiming to have been killed at the Boston marathon is being used fraudulently," read the page for the Joe Cassella Foundation. The group raises funds for the families of children who are ill in the Washington area.
4月16日，喬-卡塞拉基金會也出面闢謠：“我們想澄清一下，在網絡和Twitter上傳播的一張戴着喬-卡塞拉5公里跑胸牌的女孩跑步的圖片被錯誤使用。” 該慈善組織爲在華盛頓地區生病孩子的家庭籌集款項。
Race organizers will donate for retweets
波士頓馬拉松組織方將爲轉發捐款

A Twitter account sprouted up under the handle @_BostonMarathon. Posing as the organizers of the race, whoever is behind the account tweeted: "For every retweet we receive we will donate $1 to the #BostonMarathon victims #PrayForBoston."
@_BostonMarathon是仿冒波士頓馬拉松組織方的假賬號（正牌賬號是@BostonMarathon，沒有下劃線），這個假賬號稱：“每轉發此推文一次，我們將向波士頓馬拉松炸彈襲擊案件的受害者捐助1美元。”

By Monday evening, the post had been retweeted more than 50,000 times. It was, of course, fake. And to its credit, Twitter disabled the account soon afterward.
至15日晚，這條推文已被轉發了5萬多次。當然這是假的。Twitter官方也很快就封了那個帳戶。

It wasn't the only Twitter phony. Another widely talked-about account, @Hope4Boston, shared both the image of the 8-year-old girl who supposedly died and a photo of a young boy, running in a race, who was another supposed victim.
另一個用戶@Hope4Boston，分享了據稱在爆炸案中遇難的8歲女孩和另一張據稱也是在爆炸案中遇難的小男孩參加比賽的圖片。

Eight-year-old Martin Richard was one of three confirmed fatalities as of Tuesday morning. But he was watching the race, not running in it.
8歲的馬丁·理查德是三名已證實的爆炸案死者之一，但他當時是在觀看馬拉松比賽，而不是參加比賽。

The "Hope for Boston" account was created on March 24, according to the Web tool When Did You Join Twitter? But account holders are able to change their handles and names on the site.
根據網絡工具“你何時加入twitter” 顯示，@Hope4Boston是3月24日建立的，但是帳戶持有人可以更名。
Authorities shut down cell phone service
政府關閉了移動電話服務

Reports flew around social media, mainly Twitter, on Monday that police in Boston had shut down cellular networks to prevent an attacker from using a cell phone to detonate another explosive. At least one media report quoted an unnamed source with information to that effect, before later recanting.
網上還流傳這樣的消息：15日當天波士頓警方關閉了移動網絡以防止襲擊者用手機來引爆另一個爆炸物。至少有一個媒體使用“匿名消息人士”說法報道這個信息，但媒體隨後又撤回報道。

In truth, Boston's wireless network was simply overwhelmed with the volume of calls and other communications in the aftermath of the attack. Service was slow and spotty, but never shut down. Verizon and other mobile carriers confirmed they'd never been contacted by officials asking them to shut off service.
真相是：波士頓無線網絡只是由於襲擊事件發生後巨大的通話量和其它通訊而承受了非常大的壓力，服務很慢而且時有時無，但從未關閉過。Verizon和其它手機運營商證實，政府官員們從未就關閉服務聯絡過他們。

Soon after the bombings, mobile carriers were beefing up their networks in the Boston area. AT&T made its Wi-Fi system publicly available for free to help take the load off traditional phone lines.
在爆炸發生後不久，移動運營商在波士頓地區加強了他們的網絡。AT&T免費開通了它的Wi-Fi系統，以幫助緩解傳統電話線的流量。Conspiracy theories
陰謀說

We almost hate to even address this stuff. We'll start with a bottom line: Anyone saying they know what happened at this point is making it up.
我們非常不想討論這方面的內容，先從最基本的開始：現在說知道真相的人都是在編造謊言。

But that didn't stop far-fetched imaginings, often based in political ideology, from flying almost immediately after the attack.
但這並沒有阻止牽強的想像在襲擊事件發生後就立刻傳播，而且經常是以政治意識形態爲基礎的。

At least one Web user was ready for this. He registered a website -- -- on Monday. Clicking the link reveals a white page with black text reading:"I bought this domain to keep some conspiracy theory kook from owning it. Please keep the victims of this event and their families in your thoughts. Thank you."
至少有一名網民已爲此作好了準備，他週一註冊了的域名（波士頓馬拉松陰謀論）。這個網站沒有任何設計，只有一行黑體字：“我購買這一域名是爲了阻止一些陰謀論者擁有它。請想想這個爆炸案的受害者和他們的家人。謝謝你。”