波士頓馬拉松賽爆炸案敲響安保警鐘

In the wake of the Boston Marathon explosions, police and race directors around the world will face heightened pressure to tighten security at outdoor competitions that draw tens of thousands of spectators.

波士頓馬拉松賽(Boston Marathon)爆炸案發生後，全球各地警方和賽事總監都將面臨更大的壓力，他們必須在吸引了成千上萬觀衆的戶外比賽上加強安保工作。

It won't be easy.

這不是一項容易的工作。

'It's a soft target, stretched out across 26 miles. It would be very difficult to secure,' said Jim Reese, a former U.S. Army Delta Force officer whose security firm, TigerSwan, is preparing a security plan for some Brazilian clients ahead of the 2014 soccer World Cup in Rio de Janeiro.

前美國陸軍“三角洲部隊”(Delta Force)軍官里斯(Jim Reese)說，這是一個軟目標，延伸達26英里（約合42公里）。保障比賽的安全將很難。在將於2014年在里約熱內盧舉行的世界盃足球賽前，里斯的安保公司TigerSwan正在爲一些巴西客戶制定安保方案。

More urgent is the question of security at the London Marathon, which takes place this coming Sunday.

更加迫在眉睫的問題是倫敦馬拉松賽(London Marathon)的安保問題。倫敦馬拉松賽將於本週日舉行。

'A security plan is in place for the London Marathon. We will be reviewing our security arrangements in partnership with London Marathon,' said Metropolitan Police Chief Superintendent Julia Pendry in a statement released on the London Marathon's Twitter account.

倫敦大都會警察局高級警督彭德里(Julia Pendry)在倫敦馬拉松賽推特(Twitter)賬戶中發表的一份聲明中說，倫敦馬拉松賽的安保方案已制定完成，我們將與倫敦馬拉松賽主辦方一起評估安保安排。

London has experience handling security at a big sporting event: last year's summer Olympics. The Games were preceded by years of concern that the city, which has faced major terrorist incidents in the past, could be targeted. The Olympics went off with no major security incidents.

倫敦有保障大型體育賽事安全的經驗：去年的夏季奧運會。倫敦奧運會之前，很多年人們都擔心倫敦可能成爲攻擊目標，因爲過去倫敦曾經歷過多起嚴重恐怖襲擊事件。倫敦奧運會順利落幕，期間未發生任何重大安全事件。

Security at the Boston Marathon is considered tight by marathon standards, involving a heavy police presence that includes bomb-sniffing dogs. After the 2001 terrorist attacks in New York and Washington, D.C., police securing the Boston Marathon posted officers with rifles on top of Hopkinton High School along the marathon route.

按照馬拉松賽的標準衡量，波士頓馬拉松賽的安保算嚴格的，有大批警察在場，還動用了搜爆犬。2001年紐約和華盛頓遭到恐怖襲擊後，負責波士頓馬拉松賽安保工作的警察部門在比賽途經的霍普金頓高中(Hopkinton High School)的樓頂上部署了帶着步槍的警察。

But while fans arriving at arenas and stadiums can be─and frequently are─subjected to body and bag scans, the outdoor nature of marathons poses a more-complex problem. Typically, neither spectators nor runners are subjected to security.

但儘管運動場和體育場裏的觀衆在入場時可能並且也常常會接受安檢，馬拉松賽在室外舉行的特點帶來了一個更加複雜的問題。通常，觀衆和選手都不必接受安檢。

'When you have a lot of people, and a world stage because of the media coverage, those type of events always lend themselves as attractive targets to a terrorist,' said Don Borelli, a former counterterrorism official with the Federal Bureau of Investigation in New York. Mr. Borelli said marathons have long been considered attractive targets for terrorists.

前美國聯邦調查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation)駐紐約反恐官員博雷利(Don Borelli)說，一旦有很多人，並且因爲媒體的報道而擁有一個國際舞臺時，這類賽事常常會成爲吸引恐怖分子的目標。他說，馬拉松賽長期以來一直被恐怖分子視爲有吸引力的目標。

In Washington, counterterrorism officials said they hadn't seen any prior intelligence suggesting a plot against the Boston Marathon.

在華盛頓，反恐官員說，他們此前沒有發現任何情報表明將有針對波士頓馬拉松賽的襲擊陰謀。

As the unofficial kickoff of the footracing season in the U.S., the Boston Marathon attracts many race directors who will travel home faced with new security concerns. Their conundrum is that finish-line crowds represent a runner reward for finishing 26.2 miles. 'You want people to share the joy and impact of finishing a life-changing event, of having their friends and family there,' said Doug Thurston, director of the Big Sur International Marathon to take place April 28. 'What we face now is a balance between allowing people access to share in such an occasion and keeping people safe.'

作爲拉開美國馬拉松賽季帷幕的賽事，波士頓馬拉松賽吸引了很多賽事總監，他們回家時將面對新的安保擔憂。他們面臨的困境是，終點線的人羣是對跑完了26.2英里賽程的選手的獎勵。大瑟爾國際馬拉松賽(Big Sur International Marathon)賽事總監瑟斯頓(Doug Thurston)說，你希望人們分享完成一項足以改變一生的活動所帶來的喜悅和影響，分享家人朋友在那裏的快樂；我們現在面臨的問題是允許人們在這樣的一個場合分享快樂，同時又要保證人們的安全。大瑟爾國際馬拉松賽將於4月28日舉行。

About 15,000 people gather near the end of the Big Sur race in Carmel, Calif. Mr. Thurston, in Boston on Monday to watch the race, said he would meet with his security personnel to determine whether any additional measures would be implemented in the Big Sur race.

在加州卡梅爾(Carmel)舉行的大瑟爾國際馬拉松賽的終點線附近，大約會聚集15,000人。週一在波士頓觀看波士頓馬拉松賽的瑟斯頓說，他將與安保人員會面，確定是否在大瑟爾國際馬拉松賽中將採取任何額外措施。

Race officials for the Army Marathon, to take place this Sunday near Fort Hood Army base in Texas, are also on alert. 'Because of our name, the vigilance level has always been high, but now it needs to go up,' said race director Ed Bandas.

陸軍馬拉松賽(Army Marathon)的賽事管理人員也警醒起來。比賽將於本週日在得克薩斯州胡德堡陸軍基地(Fort Hood Army Base)附近舉行。賽事總監班達斯(Ed Bandas)說，由於我們比賽名稱的緣故，警戒級別一直很高，但現在需要進一步提高。

Looking ahead, Mr. Reese, the security executive, said he believed security would be imposed on the large crowds that gather near the Central Park finish line of the ING New York City Marathon in November. 'Those people will have to be screened. The race will have to set up a security perimeter in the key places where the crowds are gathered,' he said.

安保公司高管里斯說，他認爲11月紐約馬拉松賽的安保工作對象將是聚集在中央公園終點線附近的龐大人羣。他說，必須對這些人進行安檢。比賽必須在人羣聚集的重要場所設置一個安全範圍。

A statement from Mary Wittenberg, chief executive of the New York Road Runners, which hosts the New York marathon, said, 'The safety and security of all New York Road Runners' races is and will always be our top priority. We will continue to work hand in hand with the City of New York and the NYPD as we plan for upcoming events.'

紐約馬拉松賽主辦方紐約路跑協會(New York Road Runners)首席執行長威滕伯格(Mary Wittenberg)發表的一份聲明說，紐約路跑協會全部賽事的安全和安保是我們的首要任務，也將一直是我們的首要任務；我們在籌劃未來賽事時，將繼續與紐約市和紐約警察局攜手合作。