英文藥品說明書中不良反應的表達方式

不良反應這一項中包括藥物的副作用、症狀及體徵、毒性作用及耐受力、過敏反應、停藥等。現分述如下：

　　1.“不良反應”的常用的英語表示法有：

Adverse Reaction(s)不良反應 Unwanted(Untoward) Reaction(s)不良反應

　　2“副作用”的常用的英語表示法有：

Side-effect(s) 副作用 Unwanted(Undesirable) Effects 副作用

Side Reaction(s) 副作用 By-effects 副作用

　　3.常見的黴副反應的症狀及體徵的詞語很多，但記住下列詞語很有必要：

Allergic (hypersensitive，anaphylactic)reaction(s) 過敏反應

allergy(hypersensitivity) 過敏 dizzziness 眩暈

gastrointestinal tract 胃腸道 fever 發熱

local reaction(s) 局部反應 flush 潮紅

skin reaction(s)皮膚反應 headache 頭痛

symptom(s)症狀 nausea 噁心

systematic 全身的 pruritus 瘙癢

anorexia 厭食 rash 皮疹

blood count 白細胞計數 spasm 痙攣

blood pressure 血壓 thirst 口渴

coma 昏迷 tiredness 疲倦

diarrhea 腹瀉 vomiting 嘔吐

　　4.“黴性”、“耐受性”的英語表示法：

toxicity 毒性

tolerance(tolerability) 耐受力，耐藥性

tolerate(toleration) 耐受

　　5.“停藥”的英語表示法舉例：

abandon 停藥

discontinue(discontinuance,discontinuation) 停藥，中斷(治療)

cease(cessation)(stop)停藥(停止治療)

don't use 勿使用(停藥)

suspend 停藥

terminate 停止，結束

withdraw(be withdrawn，withdrawal)停藥

　　6.其他一些常見的基本詞彙及短語：

acute 急性的 control(be controlled)控制

chronic 慢性的 diminish(reduce，reduction)減少

common 常見的 disappear 消失

irreversible 不可逆的 encounter 遇到，見到

mild 輕微的 give rise to 產生

normal 正常的 include 包括

rare(ly)罕見的(地) lead to 導致

reverside 可逆的 manifest 表明，顯示

severe 嚴重的 observe(be observed)(被)觀察到

temporary 暫時的 produce 產生

transient 一過性的，短暫的 react to 對……反應

appear(develop，happen，occur)出現(產生)

result from 由……引起 be reported (被)報道

result in 導致 cause (be caused by) (由……)引起

treat(treatment) 治療

special care(caution)should be exercised 特別小心(注意)

例1 Ciprofloxactin is generally well tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse reactions are: nausea, diarrhaea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdomina pain, headache, restlessness, rash, dizziness and pruritus.

環丙沙星一般耐受良好。最常報道的副作用有：噁心、腹瀉、嘔吐、消化不良、腹痛、頭痛、不安、皮疹、頭暈及瘙癢。

例2 Side-effects are rare with slow-K, as any excess potassium is rapidly excreted in the urine.

施樂凱的副作用根罕見，因爲任何過量的鉀都迅速由尿排出。

例3 At the recommended dosage side-effects e.g. venous irritatiion or hypersensitivity reactions (cutaneous and mucous reactions) are only observed in isolated cases.

用推薦劑量治療時，僅見個別的靜脈刺激或過敏反應(皮膚及粘膜反應)病例。

例4 When adverse reactions occur, they are usually reversible and disappear when thehormone is discontinued.

當不良反應發生時，它們往往是可逆的，停用激素後副作用即消失。

例5 The most serious side-effect is damage to the bone marrow. Because of this, the white blood cell count should be controlled often enough druing the treatment.

最嚴重的副作用是骨髓損害，因此在治療期間，要經常監測白細胞計數。

例6 These unwanted effects usually disappear spontaneously after 7-14 days or following a temporary reduction in the dosage.

這些副作用通常在7-14日之後，或者暫時降低劑量便自行消失。

例7 With high dosage continuous infusion (more than 200mg/m2/day) over 5 to 7 days, the gastrointestinal complications are more pronounced and can on occasion lead to ileus. All side effects are reversible after cessation of therapy.

大劑量連續輸注超過 5～7日(超過 200mg/m2/日)，胃腸道併發症更爲明顯，偶爾可導致腸梗阻。停藥後副作用皆可逆轉。

例 8 In some patients nausea， dizziness，and vomiting may occur in the first days of treatment but the treatment need not be discontinued for that. In rare cases a decrease of blood pressure may appear for which a blood pressure check-up is recommended in out-patients before the treatment is initiated. If side-effects persist, lower doses should be administered.

服用本品的頭幾天，有些病人可能會出現噁心、頭暈和嘔吐，但不必停藥。偶有血壓下降的病例，爲此，在治療開始前建議對門診患者檢測血壓。若副作用持續不消失，應減少服用劑量。

例9 Major adverse reactions (much less common than the minor adverse reactions) include inhibition of myelopoiesis, drug fever and hepatitis.

較重的不良反應(遠不及輕度不良反應常見)包括抑制骨髓細胞生成，藥物熱及肝炎。

例10 Side-effects: Loss of appetite and nausea occur in most cases, sometimes with vomiting. These symptoms are usually confined to the first few days of treatment and then tend to disappear.

副作用：多數病例出現食慾減退、噁心，有時嘔吐。這些症狀通常發生在治療的最初幾天，以後逐漸消失。