特朗普再度嘗試旅行禁令

President Donald Trump signed an executive order yesterday that prohibits citizens from six predominantly Muslim nations from entering the US in a second attempt at a travel ban after his first botched effort in January was knocked back by the courts.

唐納德?特朗普(Donald Trump)總統昨日簽署一道行政命令，禁止六個以穆斯林爲主的國家的公民進入美國，這是他第二次嘗試實行旅行禁令，此前他在1月份作出的首次嘗試受挫，被法院阻止。

The order bars citizens of Sudan, Syria, Iran, Libya, Somalia and Yemen from entering America for 90 days while vetting procedures are reviewed. It takes effect on March 16 and will not apply to those who obtain a visa before that date. It removes Iraq from the original list to avoid punishing those who assisted US-led military efforts.

這道命令禁止蘇丹、敘利亞、伊朗、利比亞、索馬里和也門公民在90天內入境美國，在此期間美國將重審其審查程序。它於3月16日生效，不適用於在那天之前獲得簽證的人士。它把伊拉克從原來的名單中刪除，以免懲罰那些曾經協助以美國爲首的軍事努力的人。

The move marks an effort by Mr Trump to push ahead with his campaign vow to introduce “extreme vetting” of people from Muslim-majority countries while addressing some of the criticisms raised by the courts, which blocked his January 27 order after it sparked travel chaos around the world.

此舉標誌着特朗普努力兌現他的競選誓言，對來自以穆斯林爲主的國家的人進行“極端審查”，同時應對法院提出的一些批評；他在1月27日簽署的命令在引發世界各地旅行混亂後被法院叫停。

Rex Tillerson, secretary of state, said it was a “vital measure for strengthening our national security”, adding that Mr Trump was using “his rightful authority to keep our people safe”.

國務卿雷克斯?蒂勒森(Rex Tillerson)表示，此舉是一個“加強我國國家安全的關鍵措施”，並補充說，特朗普正在運用“他的正當權限來保護我國人民的安全”。

The original order sparked criticism that it amounted to a Muslim ban, in contravention of constitutional prohibitions of religious tests. Officials said the new order targeted nations where it was harder to screen terrorists. It also removed a provision that gave priority to refugees who were religious minorities, they said.

原來的命令招致批評，批評者稱，它相當於一個穆斯林禁令，違反了美國憲法禁止的宗教測試。官員們表示，新的命令針對那些較難甄別恐怖分子的國家。他們指出，它還取消了優先考慮屬於宗教少數羣體的難民的規定。

“This is not a Muslim ban in any way shape way or form,” said one US official. “This is a temporary suspension of nations from six countries that are failed states or state sponsors of terror.” The official noted that there were more than a billion Muslims globally “who are free to come to the US”.

“這不是任何形式或形態的穆斯林禁令，”一位美國官員表示。“這是暫停允許六個國家的人士入境，這些國家要麼是失敗國家，要麼是政府支持恐怖主義的國家。”這位官員指出，全球而言有超過10億穆斯林“可以自由進入美國”。

While the new order temporarily suspends the main US refugee programme for 120 days, it removes the original blanket ban on refugees from Syria and subjects them to the same conditions as refugees from other nations. “We cannot risk the prospect of malevolent actors using our immigration system to take American lives,” said John Kelly, homeland security secretary.

雖然新命令將暫停美國主要的難民接納計劃120天，但它取消了原來命令中針對敘利亞難民的全面禁令，使他們面臨與其他國家難民相同的條件。“我們不能冒險讓壞人利用我國的移民制度加害於美國人，”國土安全部長約翰?凱利(John Kelly)表示。

While it was too early to say if the new order would satisfy the courts, Democrats and human rights groups hit out at Mr Trump, accusing him of pushing policies that would endanger the US.

儘管現在就預計新的命令將滿足法院的要求還爲時過早，但民主黨人和人權團體批評特朗普，指控他推行危害美國的政策。

“President Trump is handing Isis recruitment gold and is putting American lives at risk,” said Chris Murphy, a Democratic senator from Connecticut.

“特朗普總統正向‘伊拉克與黎凡特伊斯蘭國’(ISIS)送上招募人馬的黃金素材，並將美國人的生命置於危險之中，”康涅狄格州民主黨參議員克里斯?墨菲(Chris Murphy)表示。

The new order was rolled out in a more orderly fashion than its predecessor, which was issued on a Friday with no advance warning, sparking confusion at airports around the world as airlines refused passengers with visas trying to board flights bound for the US.

新命令在落實方面比原來的命令更有秩序；原來的命令在一個週五發佈，而且沒有預先警告，結果引發世界各地機場的混亂，航空公司拒絕持有簽證的乘客登上飛往美國的航班。

“You should not see any chaos or alleged chaos at airports,” said one US official. “We are going to have a very smooth implementation.”

“你不會在機場看到任何混亂或者據稱的混亂，”一名美國官員表示。“我們將會有一個非常平穩的實施。”