肯尼迪遇刺案:四個人,四種人生(2)

Miguel Bustillo

Miguel Bustillo

Alexandra Zapruder : An Iconic Film Leaves Complicated Legacy

亞歷山德拉?澤普魯德(Alexandra Zapruder)：珍貴影像留下的複雜遺產

It has been five decades since her late grandfather captured those fateful 26 seconds on Kodachrome film, but people still ask Alexandra Zapruder if she is that Zapruder.

50年前，亞歷山德拉?澤普魯德已故祖父用他的柯達膠片捕捉到肯尼迪遇刺瞬間26秒的影像。但到今天仍有人會問亞歷山德拉?澤普魯德她是不是拍攝那段影像的人。

Abraham Zapruder's film forever changed his family's fortunes. It garnered them millions of dollars, but tied their name to one of the most infamous events in U.S. history.

亞伯拉罕?澤普魯德(Abraham Zapruder)拍攝的影像永久地改變了他家庭的命運。那段影像爲他們帶來了數百萬美元，但也把他們的名字同美國曆史上最臭名昭著的事件之一聯繫在了一起。

'My attitude and feelings toward the film-and to the strange, odd, weird events surrounding it-are complicated,' said Ms. Zapruder, a 44-year-old writer who lives outside of Washington, D.C.

現年44歲的亞歷山德拉?澤普魯德說：我對於那段影像以及圍繞那段影像發生的奇怪和不可思議的事件抱有複雜的態度和情感。她是一位作家，居住在華盛頓郊外。

Her grandfather, a Dallas dressmaker and Russian immigrant, found himself in possession of priceless historical evidence when he captured John F. Kennedy's assassination with his Bell & Howell home-movie camera.

她的祖父是一位俄羅斯移民，在達拉斯從事裁縫工作。他用自己的Bell & Howell家用攝像機拍攝下了肯尼迪遇刺的影像，從而擁有了無價的歷史資料。

But his relationship to the footage was 'not a happy one,' Ms. Zapruder said. A Kennedy supporter, he felt the film exacerbated Jacqueline Kennedy's grief. He had nightmares about the assassination for the rest of his life and rarely used his camera again, she said.

但亞歷山德拉?澤普魯德說，那段影片爲她祖父帶來了不愉快的經歷。作爲肯尼迪的支持者，他感覺這段影像加劇了傑奎琳?肯尼迪(Jacqueline Kennedy)的痛苦。她表示，祖父在餘生中經常會做有關肯尼迪遇刺的噩夢，而且幾乎沒有再使用過那部攝像機。

In the shooting's aftermath, Mr. Zapruder was questioned by law-enforcement officials and hounded by the media, whom he worried would exploit the footage. He nonetheless sold the film's rights for $150,000 to Life magazine, which initially decided not to publish the frame showing the gruesome shot to the president's head.

在刺殺事件發生後，亞伯拉罕?澤普魯德曾遭遇執法官員的質詢和媒體的追逐，他曾擔心媒體會利用他拍攝的影像。儘管如此，他還是以15萬美元的價格將這段影像的版權賣給了《生活》(Life)雜誌，該雜誌起初決定不公開肯尼迪頭部中槍的可怕畫面。

The Zapruder film took on a life of its own. Interest grew exponentially after a bootleg copy appeared on national TV in 1975 and again when Oliver Stone used clips from it in his 1991 movie 'JFK.' By then, Life had sold the film back to the family for $1.

後來亞伯拉罕?澤普魯德拍攝的這段影像越來越受到關注。在1975年一段盜版影像出現在國家電視臺上後，外界對它的興趣暴增，在奧利弗?斯通(Oliver Stone)在1991年拍攝的電影《刺殺肯尼迪》(JFK)中使用了這段影像的片段後，這種情況再度出現。那時，《生活》雜誌已經以1美元的價格將這段影像回售給澤普魯德家族。

The federal Assassination Records Review Board decided in 1997 the government should take the original copy, which required it to reimburse the family for the film's fair market value. But the family and the government disagreed on its price. The Zapruders had been making about $20,000 a year by granting the right to reproduce the images, according to legal documents filed during arbitration between the Zapruders and the Justice Department. The department eventually paid the Zapruders $16 million in 1999.

聯邦暗殺記錄審查委員會(Federal Assassination Records Review Board)在1997年決定，政府應該獲得影像原件，這需要以合理的市場價值賠償給澤普魯德家族。但該家族和政府之間在價格問題上意見分歧。據澤普魯德家族與司法部(Justice Department)在仲裁期間提交的法律文件顯示，該家族通過授權複製該影像每年可獲得約2萬美元。司法部在1999年最終向澤普魯德家族支付了1,600萬美元。

The Zapruders later transferred the copyright on the film to Dallas's Sixth Floor Museum, which chronicles the assassination. They rarely spoke to the media about the film in depth until Life asked Ms. Zapruder earlier this year to write a story about her grandfather for a 50th anniversary coffee-table book.

澤普魯德家族後來把該影像的版權轉讓給達拉斯的六樓博物館(Sixth Floor Museum)，這是一家專門保存肯尼迪刺殺案相關檔案的主流博物館。他們極少對媒體深入談論過這段影像，直到今年初《生活》雜誌要求亞歷山德拉?澤普魯德爲一本紀念肯尼迪遇刺50週年的書籍寫寫關於她祖父的故事。

Ms. Zapruder said her family didn't often speak privately about the film, either, while she was growing up. Her grandfather died in 1970 when she was 10 months old. It took her years to realize, after interviewing relatives and family friends and researching public testimony by her grandfather, how much anguish the assassination caused him.

亞歷山德拉?澤普魯德說，在她成長期間，她的家庭私下也不常談論這段影像。她祖父在1970年去世時她才10個月大。經過了很多年，在採訪了親戚、家族朋友和研究她祖父所作的公開證詞之後，她才意識到，遇刺事件對祖父造成了多麼大的痛苦。

She has come to accept the legacy that follows the Zapruder name.

她已經開始接受澤普魯德家族的這一遺產。

'I don't feel that it is a tragic burden,' Ms. Zapruder said. 'It is a fact of our life.'

她表示：我認爲這不是一個悲慘的負擔，這是我們生活中的一個事實。