中國富豪60%有移民傾向 美國國籍成首選

Earlier this year, the best company at surveying the rich in China announced that more than 60% of the people it surveyed had already immigrated to another country, or were considering doing so.

今年早些時候，在調查中國富豪方面最有發言權的胡潤百富公司（Hurun Report）宣佈，它所調查的中國富豪中有超過60%的人已經移民到其他國家，或者正在考慮移民。

The question for the Hurun Report, which publishes an annual China rich list, was why? Was pollution driving people abroad, weariness over China’s political crackdowns, or something else entirely?

胡潤百富公司每年都會公佈中國富豪排行榜，它所面臨的問題就是要探尋上述現象背後的答案。究竟是環境污染、對於中國政治高壓的厭倦還是完全由於其它方面的因素驅使富人們要離開中國呢？

It turns out the questions also nagged Rupert Hoogewerf, founder of Hurun. At the time, his best guess was that pollution and the desire to park some assets abroad were driving rich Chinese to the United States, Canada, and Australia—the top three destinations for those leaving China.

其實，這些問題也在困擾着胡潤百富公司的創始人胡潤。他猜測可能性最大的原因是，環境污染和希望把部分資產配置在海外的想法正在驅使中國有錢人移民到美國、加拿大和澳大利亞這三個中國移民首選的目的國。

But to find out for sure, he conducted a follow-up survey that is being released today, and Fortune got exclusive early access. Hurun teamed with Visas Consulting Group to ask 141 wealthy Chinese questions about emigration and where they’re moving their money. The researchers discovered that three factors drove emigration from China, with each factor accounting for 20% of the responses:

但爲了找到確切答案，胡潤展開了一項跟蹤調查，此項調查的結果將於今天公佈，《財富》亦獲得了這份調查結果的獨家預覽版。胡潤百富公司聯合匯加顧問集團（Visas Consulting Group）向141位中國富豪徵詢了一系列關於移民和財富轉移目的地的問題。研究人員發現，主要有三大因素驅使富豪們移民國外，且每個因素在答覆響應中都佔據了20%的比重。

People moved because they wanted better options for their children’s education; they were distressed about the growing pollution problems plaguing China’s cities; and they were concerned about food safety in the country, which in the latest scare involved tainted dog treats.

富人們離開中國是因爲他們希望子女能夠接受更好教育；困擾着很多中國城市且日益嚴重的污染問題讓他們苦惱不已；他們也對中國的食品安全問題感到憂心忡忡，新近爆發的食品安全恐慌甚至涉及遭到污染的寵物狗零食。

“Again and again, when talking to people on an individual basis, those are the issues they raise,” says Hoogewerf.

胡潤說：“在針對個體的調查過程中，這些問題都是他們所反覆提及的。”

Maybe most surprising, two-thirds of those emigrating, or considering doing so, are also considering giving up their Chinese nationality.

也許最令人驚訝的是，在那些正在移民或正考慮移民的富豪中，有三分之二的人也正在考慮放棄自己的中國國籍。

As I wrote in March, just as Beijing was coming out of the throes of a smoggy winter, those who can avoid China’s pollution and food scares are doing so. It’s troublesome for the Chinese government because experts conclude that big improvements to the air remain at least a decade away, not to say anything about China’s food safety or its education system.

正如我在三月份的一篇文章中所寫到的，就像北京正在擺脫冬季霧霾的籠罩一樣，那些有能力避開中國環境污染和食品安全恐慌的人們也在做着相同的事情。中國政府對這個問題感到頗爲棘手，因爲有專家推斷，中國的空氣質量出現顯著改善至少需要十年時間，而解決食品安全或教育體制問題更不知要等到何年何月。

The Hurun survey produced other interesting results. As a percentage of their total wealth, rich Chinese invest on average 16% abroad. The most popular investment choice is real estate and the U.S. is the overwhelming favorite destination. Los Angeles ranks as the most popular city to buy real estate, followed by San Francisco and New York. Vancouver ranked as the third most popular city. Detached villas were the preferred type of housing, followed by apartments and townhouses.

胡潤的這份調查報告還得出了其它一些有意思的結論。中國富豪海外投資佔總資產的平均比重爲16%。房地產是最受歡迎的投資選擇，作爲移民首選國家的美國在受青睞程度上遠遠超出了其它國家。洛杉磯成爲了最受歡迎的海外置業城市，緊隨其後的是舊金山和紐約。溫哥華在最受歡迎的移民城市中排在第三位。獨立別墅是中國富豪移民們最偏愛的住宅類型，其次是公寓和連棟別墅。

Those surveyed all had assets worth more than $1 million and on average were worth $7 million.

所有被調查對象的資產價值都超過了100萬美元，平均財富價值達到了700萬美元。

The top destinations for rich emigrating from China are as follows:

中國富豪們的首選移民目的地如下圖所示（從上至下依次爲美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、歐洲、新西蘭、新加坡、香港和日本）：