世界上最腐敗的行業

Known as the extractive sector, oil and mining tops a new list of the world's most corrupt industries. Construction and transportation make up the top three, according to a report by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development.

據經濟合作與發展組織發佈的報道，作爲採掘行業，石油勘探行業和礦業位居世界最腐敗行業榜單的靠前位置，而建築及運輸行業則位列第三。

The OECD analyzed 427 cases of bribery ininternational business.

該組織分析了國際企業的427個賄賂案例。

Two-thirds of the cases occurred in justfour industries: extractive (19%); construction (15%); transportation and storage (15%); and information and communication (10%).

三分之二的案例發生於四個行業之內：“採掘業（19%）；建築業（15%）；交通運輸和倉儲業(15%);信息與通信業(10%)。

Senior executives were involved in more than half the cases, with chief executives playing an active role in 12%. They either paid the bribes themselves, or authorized them, the OECD found.

其中過半的案例有高級管理人員牽涉其中，12%的首席執行官扮演着積極的角色。經濟合作與發展組織稱，首席執行官們不是親自行賄就是批准下屬行賄。

Public sector employees and those working for state-owned companies were most likely to be the target of corruption. They were promised, offered or given bribes in 80% of the cases.

公共部門的就業人員以及那些就職於國營公司的人員最可能成爲腐敗的對象。在八成案例中，這些人員得到過別人承諾給予的賄款或接受過賄款。

These included top politicians, such asgovernment ministers, and presidents of state companies. Officials working incustoms, health and defense were also likely to be on the receiving end.

這些人包括高層政界人士，比如政府部長和國營企業董事長。海關部門、衛生部門和國防部門的行政人員也可能是受賄方。

Not surprisingly, the higher-ranking the official, the bigger the bribe. While heads of states and ministers were bribed in only 5% of the cases, they received 11% of total bribes.

官員職位越高受賄越多則在意料之中。雖然國營企業領導人和部長受賄只佔百分之五，但他們的受賄金額卻佔總受賄額11%。

Customs officials on the other hand, were targeted in 11% of cases, but pocketed little more than 1% of the bribes.

而11%接受賄賂的海關人員其受賄金額還不到受賄總額的1%。

All of the cases looked at by the OECD have been prosecuted and reached a final judgment.

經濟合作與發展組織調查的所有案例已經被起訴，最終判決也已得出。

Nearly a third were brought to the attention of the authorities by companies that often uncovered bribes during internal audits or when combing through accounts before a merger or acquisition.

將近三分之一的腐敗案件是通過內部審計和併購的方式得到有關部門的注意的。

Whistleblowers, on the other hand, were involved in only 2% of the cases.

而告密者起到作用僅佔2%。