槍案之後 特朗普再次發飆攻擊穆斯林

Donald J. Trump left little doubt on Monday that he intends to run on the same incendiary proposals on immigration and terrorism that animated his primary campaign, using his first speech after the massacre in Orlando, Fla., to propose sweeping measures against Muslims that paid little heed to American traditions of pluralism.

在移民和恐怖主義問題上的煽動性主張推動了唐納德·J·特朗普(Donald J. Trump)的初選，現在他將繼續堅持這些主張的意圖幾乎已經毫無懸念：本週一，他發表了佛羅里達州奧蘭多大規模槍擊案發生後的首次講話，建議對穆斯林採取一系列打壓性的、無視美國多元化傳統的措施。

Without distinguishing between mainstream Muslims and Islamist terrorists, Mr. Trump suggested that all Muslim immigrants posed potential threats to America’s security and called for a ban on migrants from any part of the world with “a proven history of terrorism” against the United States or its allies. He also insinuated that American Muslims were all but complicit in acts of domestic terrorism for failing to report attacks in advance, asserting without evidence that they had warnings of shootings like the one in Orlando.

特朗普沒有提及主流穆斯林和伊斯蘭恐怖分子之間的區別，表示所有穆斯林移民都對美國的安全構成潛在威脅，呼籲禁止那些來自“有據可查存在”針對美國或其盟國“恐怖主義歷史”的國家的人移民。他暗示，美國穆斯林如果不事先揭發國內的恐怖主義活動，就幾乎屬於同謀，毫無證據地聲稱他們提前就知道奧蘭多槍擊案這類事情的風聲。

Mr. Trump’s speech, delivered at St. Anselm College in Manchester, N.H., represented an extraordinary break from the longstanding rhetorical norms of American presidential nominees. But if his language more closely resembled a European nationalist’s than a mainstream Republican’s, he was wagering that voters are stirred more by their fears of Islamic terrorism than any concerns they may have about his flouting traditions of tolerance and respect for religious diversity.

特朗普在新罕布什爾州曼徹斯特聖安塞姆學院(St. Anselm College)發表的這次演講，非同尋常地打破了美國總統提名人長期以來的措辭準則。不過，如果說他的言辭更像是歐洲的民族主義者，而不是共和黨主流人士，那是因爲他斷定，相比於對伊斯蘭恐怖主義的恐懼，選民不會太擔憂他對寬容和尊重宗教多樣性傳統的蔑視。

Mr. Trump, who drew criticism last fall, including a sharp rebuke from House Speaker Paul D. Ryan, for first suggesting a constitutionally questionable ban on Muslim immigration, on Monday described Islamic extremism as a pervasive global menace that was penetrating the United States through unchecked immigration.

特朗普去年秋天第一次建議禁止穆斯林移民時，招致了衆多批評，包括衆議院議長保羅·D·瑞安(Paul D. Ryan)的尖銳駁斥。這種建議在憲法上是站不住腳的。本週一，他把伊斯蘭極端主義形容爲一種遍及全球的威脅，而且由於對移民不加覈查，這種威脅正在滲透進美國。

Citing the Boston Marathon bombing in 2013 by two men with ties to Chechnya and instances of radicalization in Minnesota’s Somali immigrant community, Mr. Trump painted a bleak portrait of the country as under siege from within and abroad.

特朗普描繪了一幅美國遭受內外夾擊的慘淡景象，他提到2013年波士頓馬拉松爆炸案中兩名和車臣有關的作案男子，還提到了明尼蘇達州索馬里移民社區的激進化現象。

“They’re trying to take over our children and convince them how wonderful ISIS is and how wonderful Islam is,” Mr. Trump said, referring to the Islamic State, also known as ISIL. “And we don’t know what’s happening.”

“他們試圖給我們的孩子洗腦，讓他們相信ISIS是多麼美妙，伊斯蘭教有多麼美好，”特朗普說。“我們卻不知道這樣的事正在發生。”伊斯蘭國縮寫爲ISIS，或者ISIL。

He accused American Muslims of failing to “turn in the people who they know are bad,” effectively blaming other Muslims for the shooting in Orlando and the attack last year in San Bernardino, Calif., that was carried out by a married couple inspired by the Islamic State.

他指責美國穆斯林沒有“揭發他們知道的壞人”，基本上就是在爲奧蘭多槍擊案和去年的加利福尼亞州聖貝納迪諾槍擊案指責其他穆斯林。去年那起案件是一對夫婦受到伊斯蘭國的激發後犯下的。

“They didn’t turn them in,” Mr. Trump said, “and we had death and destruction.”

“他們沒有舉報這些人，”特朗普說，“於是我們就得到了死亡和毀滅。”

Mr. Trump carefully read his remarks from a teleprompter and offered more detail than his stump speeches generally contain, but his speech was still rife with the sort of misstatements and exaggerations that have typified his campaign.

特朗普小心翼翼地讀着提示器上的講稿，這一次他給出了比平常那些巡迴演講更多的細節，然而其中依然充斥着不實和誇張的說法，而這在他的競選中司空見慣。

He repeatedly stretched the facts, for example, in describing the United States as overrun by dangerous migrants. He claimed the country has an “immigration system which does not permit us to know who we let into our country,” brushing aside the entire customs and immigration enforcement infrastructure. And he asserted that there was a “tremendous flow” of Syrian refugees, when just 2,805 of them were admitted into the country from October to May, fewer than one-third of the 10,000 Syrians President Obama said the United States would accept this fiscal year.

例如他反覆誇大事實，形容美國已經被危險的移民侵佔。他宣稱國家的“移民制度不允許我們知道，我們都在讓什麼人進入我們的國家”，視整個海關和移民執法體系如無物。他斷言敘利亞難民正“源源不斷流入”，可從去年10月到今年5月，總共只有2805人獲准進入美國。奧巴馬總統曾表示本財年要接收一萬名敘利亞難民，現在連三分之一都不到。

Mr. Trump described the gunman in the Orlando shooting as “an Afghan,” though he was born an American citizen in New York City to parents who had emigrated from Afghanistan to the United States over three decades ago.

特朗普稱奧蘭多槍擊案中的槍手是“一個阿富汗人”，然而他是在紐約市出生的美國公民，父母是三十多年前移民到美國的阿富汗人。

Mr. Trump assailed the presumptive Democratic nominee, Hillary Clinton, by name, accusing her of favoring immigration policies that would invite a flood of potential jihadists to the United States, which he warned could be “a better, bigger, more horrible version than the legendary Trojan Horse ever was.”

特朗普指名道姓地攻擊了穩獲民主黨提名的希拉里·克林頓(Hillary Clinton)，指責她支持移民的政策會導致大量潛在的聖戰分子涌入美國，他警告稱那將“比傳說中的特洛伊木馬更厲害、更龐大、更恐怖”。

Mrs. Clinton, speaking in Cleveland earlier in the day, argued that engaging in “inflammatory, anti-Muslim rhetoric” made the country less safe. Delivering the sort of conventional speech that most presidential contenders would offer in the wake of tragedy, she did not mention Mr. Trump by name. But, while saying the “murder of innocent people breaks our hearts, tears at our sense of security and makes us furious,” she described proposals to ban Muslim immigration as offensive and counterproductive.

當天早些時候克林頓在克里夫蘭講話時表示，使用“煽動性的、反穆斯林的言論”對這個國家的安全無益。多數在競逐總統之位的人，在這個悲劇的時刻都會採取她這樣的常規措辭，她在演講中沒有提到特朗普的名字。然而在說到“對無辜者的屠戮令我們心碎，衝擊着我們的安全感，讓我們怒不可遏”時，她表示有關禁止穆斯林移民的提議是令人反感的，只會起到反效果。

“America is strongest when we all believe we have a stake in our country and our future,” she said, calling to mind the bipartisan spirit that took hold after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, when she was a senator from New York.

她說，“一個人人相信自己是國家與文化一分子的美國，纔是最強大的美國，”她希望大家回想兩黨在2001年9月11日恐怖襲擊之後那種同仇敵愾的精神，當時她是來自紐約州的參議員。

Mrs. Clinton has sought to present herself as the default choice of mainstream voters, including Republicans disturbed by Mr. Trump, and on Monday she stressed the importance of building relationships between law enforcement agencies and American Muslims.

克林頓希望把自己塑造成一個主流選民的默認選項，這其中包括那些對特朗普感到不安的共和黨人。她在週一強調，執法部門與美國穆斯林建立關係是十分必要的。

“Our open, diverse society is an asset in the struggle against terrorism, not a liability,” Mrs. Clinton said.

“一個開放、多元的社會，是我們對抗恐怖主義的本錢，不是負累，”克林頓說。

As Mrs. Clinton reached for the mantle of statesmanship, Mr. Trump’s speech amounted to a rejection of the conventional wisdom that he must remake himself for the November election as a more sober figure and discard the volcanic tone and ethnic and racial provocation that marked his primary campaign.

克林頓試圖擔起治國者的職分，而特朗普的演講則打破了人們的一個普遍看法，即他必須重塑自己，以一個更理智的形象面對11月的大選，摒棄火山噴發般的腔調和對族羣、種族問題的撩撥，雖然那些是他在初選中的特點。

Yet Mr. Trump has showed little interest in assuaging those concerns. He used the hours after the Orlando massacre to claim prescience about the attack and to demand Mr. Obama’s resignation. Then, in a television interview on Monday morning, Mr. Trump darkly suggested that the president was sympathetic to Islamic terrorists.

然而特朗普似乎並不打算平息人們的憂慮。在奧蘭多慘案發生後幾小時裏，他宣稱自己對襲擊早有預見，並要求奧巴馬辭職。在週一上午的一次電視採訪中，特朗普甚至含沙射影地說總統同情伊斯蘭恐怖分子。

“We’re led by a man that either is not tough, not smart, or he’s got something else in mind,” Mr. Trump said. “There is something going on.”

“我們現在這個領袖，要麼是不夠強硬，要麼是不夠聰明，要麼就是他有別的什麼想法，”特朗普說。“感覺這裏面有問題。”

Some Republicans said Mr. Trump’s determination to play to his hard-line base was undermining his standing as a general election candidate.

一些共和黨人認爲，特朗普如此堅持迎合自己的強硬派選民陣營，對他的大選是不利的。

“He has to do what Reagan had to do. Reagan eventually had to make a sale that he was not a risk,” said Thomas M. Davis III, a former Republican congressman, recalling the 1980 election. “There is time, but the way he’s going about it now doesn’t do it at all. It keeps him in the hunt, but it doesn’t get him elected.”

“他必須像里根那樣。里根最終讓人相信，他不是一個危險人物，”前共和黨衆議員托馬斯·M·戴維斯三世(Thomas M. Davis III)回憶起1980年的選舉。“還有時間，但以他現在的樣子，他根本沒有那麼去做。這能讓他繼續保持競爭力，但他不能靠這樣當選。”

John F. Lehman, a former Navy secretary and an adviser to John McCain’s and Mitt Romney’s presidential campaigns, said he anticipated that Mr. Trump’s standing would improve after the Orlando attack.

前海軍部長、曾任約翰·麥凱恩(John McCain)和米特·羅姆尼(Mitt Romney)競選顧問的約翰·F·萊曼(John F. Lehman)說，他預計特朗普的地位在奧蘭多襲擊事件之後會有所改善。

But he said Mr. Trump’s Muslim ban went “too far” and questioned whether he had made any effort to learn about national security.

但他說特朗普的禁穆斯林提議“過頭了”，他還懷疑特朗普根本沒有花時間去了解國家安全。

Mr. Trump’s remarks may come as an acute disappointment to Republican leaders in Washington who have spent the days since he claimed the party’s nomination pleading with him to button down his campaign, only to see him intensify its racial tenor.

特朗普的言論可能讓華盛頓的共和黨領導層倍感失望。在他宣佈獲得本黨提名後的這些天裏，他們一直在勸說他在競選中有所收斂，結果看到他的種族言論反而更激烈了。

It is enough to convince senior Republicans that talk of an eventual pivot is folly — that he is unwilling or incapable of being reined in.

這已經足以讓資深共和黨人相信，指望事情最終出現轉機是愚蠢的——他沒有管住自己的意願或能力。

“Everybody says, ‘Look, he’s so civilized, he eats with a knife and fork,’” said Mike Murphy, a former top adviser to Jeb Bush. “And then an hour later, he takes the fork and stabs somebody in the eye with it.”

“大家都在說，‘你看他多文明，在用刀叉吃飯呢，’”傑布·布什(Jeb Bush)的前高級顧問邁克·墨菲(Mike Murphy)說。“可過了一個鐘頭，他就用叉子捅了別人的眼睛。”