關於投資的商務英語

我們在學習英語的過程中會很困難，但是英語對我們無論是工作還是生活還是很有用的，小編今天就給大家帶來了商務英語，歡迎大家閱讀

　商業英語：金融與投資

arbitrage

套利

A 10-minute call from Rome to New York City costs $ 32.30;

從羅馬打一次電話到紐約約10分鐘要32.3美元，

New York to Rome is only $8.91

但從紐約打到羅馬只要8.91美元

Using a patented call-back-conferencing mechanism he describes as"telephone arbitrage,"Howard Jonas can make the price spread between foreign opolies and deregulated American phone companies work to your advantage.

Howard Jonas使用稱爲“電話套利”的“回Call服務”，有效利用外國獨佔公用事業與自由化的美國電話事業之間的價差，造福用戶。

CD

存款單

"We're having to put money back in that business that we had invested in certificates of deposit for our children's education,

“我們必須把投資在存款單，準備給孩子作教育費的資金抽出來放在公司。

and we have cashed in all our life insurance policies."

而我們也已經把壽險都換成現金了。”

Deutsche Bundesbank

德意志聯邦銀行

t is assuming a forceful leadership role in European foreign policy even as the Bundesbank rules Europe's economic roost.

它正在歐洲的外交事務上尋求強有力的龍頭地位，即使德意志聯邦銀行已經統御了歐洲的經濟力量。

The day after President Clinton publicly urged it to do so,Germany's Bundesbank cut key interest rates

在克林頓總統公開呼籲後的第二天，德國的中央銀行就調降了主要利率。

With domestic inflation running at more than 4% annually,Germany's Bundesbank sought to dampen it by raising the benchmark discount rate for banks a hefty 0.75% to 8.75%,the highest since 1931.

因爲國內的通貨膨脹年增率在4%左右，德國央行大幅調升基本貼現率0.75個百分點到了8.75%以尋求抑制通膨率。

money laundering

洗錢

DEA agents say the Urdinola brothers work somewhat independently from the rest of the Cali consortium,with their own trafficking and ndering organizations across the U.S.

美國緝毒局的幹員指出Urdinola兄弟的販毒作業與卡利組織的其他部門算是分開來的，因爲他們在全美布有自已的販毒與洗錢組織。

BCCI,earlier convicted of drug-money laundering in Florida,drew attention because it acquired First American,the largest bank in Washington.

稍早因在假佛羅里達幫毒販洗錢而遭判決有罪的國際信貸銀行，所以能引起注意是因爲它曾買下華盛頓市最大的美國第一銀行。

mortgage

抵押權

If you have a home mortgage,you can be involved in derivatives already without even knowing it.

假如你有抵押房屋貸款，你可能已經涉入衍生性金融商品交易而不自知。

These days there's a good chance yours won't be kept in one piece by the banks that lent you the money.

在這年頭，貸款給你的銀行很可能會把你的抵押權拿雲整得片瓦不留。

With 30-year fixed mortgage rates now at about 7%,singlefamily housing starts have returned to the brisk pace of the mid-1980s

目前30年固定房貨抵押利息約在7%上下，自住型的新屋動工率應可回到1980年代中期的快速步調。

mutual fund

共同基金

Faced with falling income from their nest eggs,

面對他們投資組合的收入下降，

consumers have scrambled to switch their savings from such investments as CDs and money-market accounts to riskier but higher-yielding stocks l funds.

消費者爭先恐後的把存款與貨幣市場的投資轉換成風險較高，但獲利也較高的股票與共同基金。

For the millions of Americans who have poured a record torrent of their hard-earned cash into mutual funds,this should be the best of times.

對數百尤將血汗錢破紀錄地投入共同基金市場的美國人來說，現在應該是最風光的日子。

venture capital

風險資本

Micro Computer invented a digital computer that controlled machine tools,

Micro Computer公司發明瞭解一部可控制工具機的數位電腦，

then fell apart in 1971 after a dispute between Hyatt and his venture-capital partners over sharing his rights to that invention.

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但公司在1971年解散了，因爲提供Hyatt風險資本基金的合夥人，欲分享他在該發明所擁有的權利，而大家鬧翻了。

Are Banks Obsolete?

銀行過時了嗎?

would happen to the U.S. economy if all its commercial banks suddenly closed their doors?

假如美國所有的商業銀行突然一起關門，對美國經濟造成什麼影響?

Throughout most of American history,the answer would have been

放眼美國大部分的歷史，這個答案將是：

a disaster of epic proportions,akin to the Depression wrought by the chain-reaction bank failures in the early 1930s.

超大規模的金融災難，就有如1930年代早期，銀行像骨牌效應般連鎖倒閉所造成的“大蕭條”。

But in 1993 the startling answer is that a shutdown by banks might be far from cataclysmic.

但是時至1993年，令人吃驚的答案是：銀行倒閉可能無關痛癢。

ider this:though the economic recovery is now 27 months old,

想想這件事實：經濟復甦已經持續27個月，

not a single net new dollar has been lent to business by banks in all that time.

但在此期間銀行對企業新增貸款的淨額是零。

Last week the Federal Reserve reported

上週聯邦儲備委員會報道，

that the amount of loans the nation's largest banks have made to businesses fell an additional $2.4 billion in the week ending June 9,to $274.8 billion.

全國大銀行對企業貸款在6月9日的前一個星期之內又減少了24億美元成爲2748億美元。

Fearful that the scarcity of bank credit might sabotage the fragile economy,

在害怕銀行信用不足對脆弱的經濟造成破壞的情況下，

the White House and federal agencies are working feverishly

白宮與聯邦機構極力促成

to encourage banks to open their lending the past two weeks,government regulators have introduced steps to make it easier for banks to lend.

銀行開啓它們的貸款窗口。過去兩週來，政府當局引用一些新措施，讓銀行更容易貸款。

For instance,less paperwork will be needed to process loans,

例如簡化貸款的紙上作業，

and formal appraisals are no longer required for every real estate loan.

而且所有房地產貸款不再需要正式的估價程序。

the government's concern fully justified?

政府的擔心有道理嗎?

Who really needs banks these days?

現在誰要靠銀行?

Hardly anyone,it turns out.

幾乎沒有。

While banks once dominated business lending,today nearly 80% of all such loans come from nonbank lenders

銀行曾經獨霸企業貸款，但是現在80%的企業貸款都由非銀行機構接管。

like life insurers,brokerage firms and finance companies.

例如壽險公司、經紀行及融資公司。

Banks used to be the only source of money in town.

銀行曾是唯一的現款來源，

Now businesses and individuals can write checks on their insurance companies,

但現在企業與個人可以其保險公司名義開立支票，

get a loan from a pension fund,and deposit paychecks in a money-market account with a brokerage firm.

向退休基金貸款，並把薪水支票存在經紀行的貨幣市場賬戶裏。

"It is possbile for banks to die and still have a vibrant economy,"says Edward Furash,a Washington bank consultant.

華盛頓的銀行顧問Edward Furashr指出：“即使銀行死光光，我們還是可能擁有蓬勃的經濟。”

irony is that the acclerating slide into irrelevance comes just as the banks racked up record profits of $43 billion over the past 15 months,creating the impression that the industry is staging a comeback.

具有諷刺意義的是，正在銀行加速落入敗部的當兒，它們卻在過去15個月以來累積了創紀錄的430億美元利潤，製造出銀行業捲土重來的印象。

But that income was not the result of smart lending decisions.

但這些收入並非來自明智的貸款決策。

Instead of earning money by financing America's recovery,the banks mainly invested their funds-on which they were paying a bargain-basement 2% or so-in risk-free Treasury bonds that yielded 7%.

銀行沒有因貸款給經濟復甦的美國而獲利，卻將它們的基金投資在無風險且提供7%高利率的政府債券。而這些基金卻只提供貢獻存款存戶2%的微薄利息。

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That left bank officers with little to do except put their feet on their desks and watch the interest roll in.

這種投資策略讓銀行職員無事可做，只須把腳蹺在桌上等待利息滾滾涌入。

e profits may have come at a price.

這些利潤可能是有代價的。

Not only did bankers lose many loyal customers by withholding credit,

銀行不只因爲緊縮信用而失去許多忠實顧客，

they also inadvertently opened the door to a herd of nonbank competitors,who stampeded into the lending market.

而且不經意地敞開大門，讓一大批非銀行機構蜂擁進入貸款市場。

"The banking industry didn't see this threat,"says Furash.

Furash說：“銀行業還沒意識到威脅。

"They are being fat,dumb and didn't realize that banking is essential to a modern economy,but banks are not."

它們癡肥又沾沾自喜，而且並不瞭解：現代經濟的確需要貸款業，但並不一定需要銀行。”

soft economy has often been used by banks as an excuse for the slowdown in extending credit.

銀行常以孱弱的經濟爲貸款下降的理由。

Yet evidence abounds that banks are still gun-shy about lending to business.

但是諸多證據顯示銀行對企業貸款仍是小心翼翼。

And no wonder.

這並不奇怪。

More than $125 billion in failed loans to real estate buyers,developing countries,farmers and the energy industry have had to be written off in the past five years.

過去5年，銀行必須想辦法沖銷1250億美元的呆賬，這些呆賬來自對不動產購買者、發展中國家、農民與能源工業的貸款。

invasion of other financial companies eager to make loans has caused deep damage to the banking industry.

熱衷貸款的其他金融機構大舉入侵，對銀行造成深切的傷害。

"The banks are clearly losing the franchise of lending to business,"says David Wyss,senior financial economist for DRI/McGraw-Hill,a large economic consulting firm.

戴維•威斯是大型經濟顧問社DRI/McGraw-Hill的資深金融學家。他指出：“銀行明顯地失去企業貸款的特權。

"That should be scaring them because this is where their real profits are."

它們應該感到恐懼，因爲這纔是它們真正的利潤所在。”

gh banks lost most of their blue-chip corporate clients years ago to Wall Street's capital markets,

雖然銀行在多年以前就將大型績優公司拱手讓給華爾街的資金市場，

they still retained another profitable part of banking:the small and mid-size business borrower.

但是它們仍舊保留住另一塊沃土：中小企業。

But that has changed in the past few years.

這種情況在過去數年亦起變化。

The spread of computer technology and sophisticated new loan strategies slashed both the risk and cost of lending to small business owners.

電腦科技的普及與先進的新貸款策略大幅降低對中小企業貸款的風險與成本。

Soon financial giants such as Merrill Lynch and John Hancock,as well as smaller finance companies like Access Capital,

很快的，金融巨人如默林•林奇與約翰•漢考克與小型融資公司

went after the banks' last domain of business borrowers.

如Access Capital，都來搶奪銀行最後的一羣企業顧客。

new competitors have succeeded in part because banks have alienated so many of their traditional customers.

新的競爭者能成功，部分是因爲銀行疏遠了它們傳統的顧客。

"My experience with banks has been horrible,"

“我與銀行來往的經驗非常可怕，”

says Barry Weinstein,president of Fulton Computer Products in Rockville Centre,New York.

Barry Weinstein是位於紐約州Rockville Centre的Fulton電腦公司的總經理，他說：

"Even if you bank with someone for 25 years,that still doesn't amount to a hill of beans."

“即使你跟銀行來往個25年，你們的交情還不如一個屁。”

Sales at Weinstein's company jumped from $900,000 in 1988 to $18.5 million last when Weinstein applied for a loan with 12 banks over a period of 24 months,

Weinstein的公司營業額自1988年的90萬美元跳升到去年的1850萬美元，但他花了24個月向12家銀行申請貸款。

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all turned him down,even though he was never late in repaying his previous debts.

雖然他從來沒有拖欠債款的紀錄，但是所有的銀行都拒絕借我。

He eventually borrowed $1 million from Access Capital,a fast-Growing finance company based in New York.

他最後向紐約的Access Capital，一家快速成長的融資公司，借了100萬美元。

ph Ricci,who runs a private school in Maine for children with behavioral problems,

Joseph Ricci在緬因州開一所教導行爲偏差兒童的私立學校，

spent more than two years trying to borrow $700,000 from as many as five banks.

他花了超過兩年的時間，向五家銀行申貸一筆70萬元的款子。

But even with $17 million in assets and an unblemished credit history,Ricci walked away empty-handed.

即使他有1700萬美元的資產以及毫無瑕疵的信用紀錄，Ricci仍然兩手空空走出銀行。

"We demonstrated to all of them how we could carry the the banks were just not lending money to business,"he says.

他說：“我們跟所有銀行說爛了嘴證明我們有能力揹負這筆貸款，但是它們就是不貸款給企業。”

Ricci went to a finance company and within six weeks got a loan.

Ricci轉而找尋融資公司，六週內就借到了錢。

's the way the credit crunch has brought rapid growth to many nonbank lenders.

這就是緊縮信用社讓非銀行機構大發利市的現象。

"There is plenty of demand for financing from small companies,"says Access Capital president Miles Stuchin."It's just that the banks are turning them down."

Access Capital公司總經理Miles Stuchin說：“小企業對貸款的需求很高，只是銀行卻讓它們失望了。”

Stuchin set up a finance company in 1986 that zine last year placed in the top 20% of the 500 fastest-growing companies in the U.S.

Stuchin在1986年設立Access Capital，在去年被《Inc.雜誌》列在美國500家成長最快企業的前20%區間之中。

aps the greatest threat to commercial banks has come from life insurers and pension funds.

商業銀行的最大威脅也許是來自壽險公司與退休基金。

The two have combined assets of $4.5 trillion,exceeding that of the entire banking industry.

這兩種產業結合起來的資產有4.5兆美元，比整個銀行業都大。

They are the largest source of financing for stry.

它們是美國產業界最大的金主。

While bank lending was dropping during the past two years,loans by life insurers jumped $50 billion.

過去兩年銀行貸款下跌，而壽險公司的貸款卻跳升了500億美元。

such loan went to IDB Communications Group,a telecommunications service company based in Culver City,California,whose $78 million line of credit was canceled by a group of banks.

其中一筆貸款是調進位在加州City的IDB通訊集團，因爲銀行取消了其7800萬美元信用額度。

"I spent every waking hour for half a year on this issue,"says IDB's chief financial officer,Ed Cheramy.

IDB的財務總經理Ed Cheramy說：“半年來我無時無刻不在想法子擺平這件事，

"It was the worst experience of my life."

此乃我一生中最恐怖的經驗。”

ng to the rescue with a $20 million loan was Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association,the nation's third largest insurance company.

帶着2000萬美元來救命的是美國第三大保險公司Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association。

In the past year,TIAA has lent a record $3.5 billion to business.

去年TIAA貸出空前的35億美元。

Some $225 billion in loans to business are now held by the life-insurance industry,up 11% from two years ago.

目前壽險業的對企業貸款達2250億美元，比兩年前增長11%。

Street firms have also cherry-picked some of the banks' best business.

華爾街經紀行也挑了幾樣銀行最賺錢的營業項目來經營。

Merrill Lynch,for example,has been targeting smaller companies since the mid-1980s.

例如Merrill Lynch公司自1980年代中期起便將目標對準小企業。

Last year its business financial-services division had about 3,000 clients and $800 million in loan commitments.

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去年它的企業金融服務部門擁有約3000家顧客，並承諾借出8億美元。

their loan portfolios under five,banks are in danger of losing their depositors as well.

不只貸款業務遭到夾攻，銀行還有存款流失的危機。

Americans have withdrawn more than $500 billion from low-yielding bank accounts over the past three years in favor of higher-paying investments like mutual funds.

過去三年，美國人自低收益的銀行戶頭提出超過5000億的現款，投入較高收益的投資如共同基金。

Even the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's $100,000 guarantee is no longer exclusively available to banks and S&Ls.

連聯邦存款保險公司的每人10萬元存款保險也不再限於僅給與銀行和信用合作社。

Brokerage firms like Prudential Securities now offer "insured income accounts" with checking privileges and government insurance.

像Prudential Securities這樣的經紀行所提供的“保障收入賬戶”都有核對優先權與政府保險。

17.A few banks are vigorously working to recapture their share of business lending.

幾家銀行已經大張旗鼓地要奪回企業貸款市場。

This spring Chemical Bank,the nation's third largest,kicked off the biggest marketing blitz in its history to attract small and medium-size business borrowers.

今年春天美國第三大的Chemical銀行以該行空前的大手筆展開一項促銷攻勢，企圖吸引中小企業上門。

An army of 1,800 lending officers,including bank president Walter Shipley and chairman John McGillicuddy,

1800名貸款人員，包括總經理Walter Shipley與董事長John McGillicuddy，

went knocking door to door at 5,000 companies across five states.

在五個州逐一拜訪5000家企業。

"Am I concerned about Wall Street firms and investment bankers coming into the market?Absolutely,"says Frank Lourenso,who heads Chemical's midmarket lending division.

Chemical的中級市場貸款部主管Frank Lourenso說：“我擔心華爾街企業和投資銀行來搶市場嗎?當然!

"They are real players,and I take them very we're going to be very aggressive in looking for new business"

它們是真正的玩家，而我很嚴肅地看待它們。但是我們將非常主動地爭取新的企業主顧。”

drive was underscored last month when the Federal Reserve gave 確度 the green light to sell and underwrite corporate bonds.

這樣的雄心在上個月得到政府的肯定。聯邦儲備委員會批准Chemical銀行銷售及承銷公司債券。

Normally banks are barred from such investment-banking activity under the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933.

通常，根據1933年的Glass-Steagall法案，商業銀行是不準從事此類投資銀行業務的。

But the Fed cited a loophole,

但是聯邦儲備理事會引用該法案的漏洞，

and its decision allows certain banks to take on Wall Street directly in wooing business borrowers.

而它的決定讓某些銀行可以直接向華爾街挑戰，來爭取企業主顧。

ackling the banking sector entirely from such Depression-era regulatory chains may be the only way to reverse the 20 year structural decline of the banks.

讓銀行自此種大蕭條時期訂下的枷鎖中完全解放出來，也許是讓銀行業20年來結構性衰退起死回生的唯一方法。

But that is something the Congress has steadfastly refused to do.

但是國會一直堅決反對這樣作。

Nor do such comprehensive reforms appear on President Clinton's agenda.

這樣廣泛的改革也未出現在克林頓總統的議事日程中。

Yet until such changes are made,banks,once a fixture on the ncial landscape,will continue their slow fade.

但是如果不作這些改革，一度在美國金融地圖上最顯眼的銀行業，恐將持續地失去可見度。

　　商業英語：宏觀經濟

Club of Rome

羅馬俱樂部

Books such as Paul Ehrlich's The Population Bomb In 1968 and the Club of Rome's 1972 study The Limits to Growth,

Paul Ehrlich 1968年著作《人口炸彈》及羅馬俱樂部1972年的研究報告《增長的極限》造成人們恐懼，

raised fears that unchecked population growth might lead to mass starvation.

以爲未加節制的人口增長會導致大規模的饑荒。

In the 70s,the Club of Rome predicted,with hilarious imprecision,

1970年代時，羅馬俱樂部令人捧腹地粗略預測，

a coming doomsday of uncontrollable pollution,wild overpopulation and resource depletion(by 1992,for example,no oil).

失控的污染、人口爆炸及資源枯竭即將來臨

CPI

消費者物價指數

The TIME group predicts that the CPI will climb at an annual rate of 7.2%in the fourth quarter

時代集團預測消費者物價指數在第四季將爬升至年增率7.2%

and slow to 3.8% by tate next year.

但在明年結束前將會減緩至3.8%。

Economists placed greater trust in the CPI report,

經濟學家對消費者物價指數比較信任，

contending that the surge in the wholesale index was merely a fluke.

認爲批發物價指數的飆漲只是偶發現象。

crowding out

排擠效果

For corporate America,health care has become a crippling expense.

對美國企業來說，健保已成了對企業殺傷力極大的一項支出。

General Motors laid out $3.2 billion last year,more than it spent on steel,to provide medical coverage for 1.9 million employees,dependents and retirees.

通用汽車公司去年編列32億美元去付它190萬名員工、眷屬與退休員工的醫藥費用，比公司買鋼鐵的預算還高。

Unchecked,the U.S. medical bill will more than double in the next 10 years to $1.6 trillion,crowding out spending for other urgent needs.

假如再不節制，美國人的醫藥支出會在未來10年內增長一倍達到1.6兆美元，排擠其他更重要的資金需求。

deflation

通貨緊縮

The potential for still lower inflation is real-and the gruesome possilility of deflation can't be ruled out.

更低的通膨率是可能發生的，而殘酷的通貨緊縮的可能性並不能排除在外。

The only question:will inflation succeed?

唯一的問題：通貨膨脹可能成功嗎?

Upon the answer(which many think will be soon apparent)depends the immediate economic future of the U.S.

美國短期的經濟前景全依賴問題的答案。

If it succeeds,the downward spiral of deflation will be definitely checked.

如果通貨膨脹成功，那麼往下盤旋的通貨緊縮就可確定已經控制住了。

depression

蕭條

Few would advocate a literal reprise of Franklin evelt's response to the Great Depression,

很少人會主張拿出當年F.D.羅斯福對付經濟大蕭條的方法，

which included strong gusts of government spending and massive publicworks projects.

包括大幅提高政府的支出與公共工程的預算。

While some economists have described the current slump as a near depression,

有些經濟學家把當前的低迷形容成“接近蕭條”

that phrase overstates the case if it is taken as a comparison with the period 1929-33,

用這詞就嫌誇張了，

when the U.S. economy contracted by nearly a third.

因爲在1929至1933年間，美國的經濟萎縮了1/3之多。

deregulate

自由

Rajiv's goal was to give his country reform,modernization,deregulation

拉吉夫的目標是帶給印度改革、現代化、自由化

all catchwords under-pinning his frequently quoted aim of "bringing India into the 21st century."

這些都是支持他經常掛在嘴邊的所謂“帶領印度進入21世界”大方向的一些口號。

New technology and deregulation are blurring the lines between telephones and cable TV,

新科技與政府管制的取消使得電話與有線電視的界線開始模糊，

provoking a battle for America's homes.

雙方爲搶奪美國家庭用戶，展開一場大戰。

econometrics

計量經濟學

The reluctant laureate was honored for pathbreaking work in the early 1940s that laid the foundation for econometrics,which uses mathematical models to study the behavior of aneconomy.

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這位不情願得獎人以他在1940年代另闢蹊徑的研究，爲以數學模式來研究經濟行爲的計量經濟學立下了根基，而得到此獎。

Such barometers as car sales and housing starts have remained dismayingly weak,

一些景氣的溫度計，像是汽車銷售及新屋營建，都維持在令人氣餒的低檔，

mostly because Americans have been worrying about their incomes and jobs.

主要因爲美國人對收入與工作仍感到擔憂。

“What is happening here is the reverse of what the government really wants,"says Walter Williams,president of American Busi-ness Econometrics,a consulting firm.

美國商業計量經濟顧問公司的總裁Walter Williams說：“國內真實的狀況與政府的預期正好相反。”

foreign exchange reserves

外匯儲備

The former British colony at the Malay Peninsula only achieved full independence in 1965.

這個位於馬來半島前端的前英國殖民地，在1965年才完全獨立，

yet it boasts Asia's highest living standard after Japan,an average per capita income of $15,000

然而其生活水準在亞洲僅次於日本，每人國民所得高達15000美元

and by far the world's highest per capita cache of foreign reserves.

而且享有世界最高的國民平均外匯儲備。

GNP

國民生產總值

While more people are working with their heads rather than their hands

雖然更多人不用手而以動腦爲職業

and a third of the nation's $5.5trillion GNP is generated by ideas rather than manufactured goods,

且國內每年5.5兆元國民生產總值的1/3出自想法而非工業產品，

whitecollar productivity is no higher now than it was 30 years ago.

但是白領階級的生產力比起30年前，並沒有什麼進步。

hyperinflation

惡性通貨膨脹

Throughout Cuba,Russia and much of Eastern Europe,

在古巴、俄羅斯以及東歐大部分地區，

people from shopkeepers to school teachers stash greenbacks as a shield against hyperinflation and the sudden devaluation of their own currencies.

從店員到教師等等的老百姓莫不在蒐集美元，以抵擋惡性通貨膨脹及他們本國貨幣的突然貶值。

The short-term aim of this self-induced shock treatment is curiously,

有趣的是，這次自動實施“休克療法”的目的，

to halt hyperinflation,which in December ran at a rate of 600%.

是爲了制止惡性通貨膨脹。在12月，通膨率已高達600%.

indicator

指標

The index of leading economic indicators fell 0.3% in May.

5月的領先指標指數下跌0.3%。

In the same month new-home sales plunged to a 12-month low,

同月的新屋銷售率跌到12個月以來的低點。

despite the best mortgage rates in two decades.

但是房屋貸款利率卻是20年來最高點。

In one such report,Commerce said last week that its index of leading economic indicators rose a strong 1.2% in July.

美國商務部上週在經濟報千中透露，7月的領先指標指數挺進了1.2%

industrialized countries

工業化國家

At the same time came the liberalization of economic policies in Latin America from Chile to Mexico and the rapid growth of the newly industrialized countries of Asia's Racific Rim.

拉丁美洲自智利到墨西哥都在實施經濟自由化政策，而且太平洋邊緣的亞洲新興工業化國家成長快速。

The world was suddenly ravenous for American capital.

這個世界突然之間對美國的資金趨之若鶩。

money supply

貨幣供給

She assumed tight control over the money supply,

她緊縮貨幣供給，

deregulated industry,built a free market economy

使產業自由化，建立自由市場經濟。

and encouraged foreign investment

而且鼓勵外商投資

With inflation still hovering near a mild 3%,

因爲通貨膨脹率仍盤旋在溫和的3%上下，

he Federal Reserve Board would seem to have little reason to tighten the money supply and push interest rates up.

所以聯邦儲備委員會似乎沒有什麼理由緊縮貨幣供給以及調高利率。

Reaganomics

里根經濟學

He also suggested that Tsongas was proposing merely an updated version of Reaganomics.

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他也暗示桑格斯只是提出一份更新過的里根經濟學而已。

Last week's elections demonstrated that all too many voters still believe the old fantasy of Reaganomics

上週的選舉顯示還有太多選民相信里根經濟學那一套老的夢想，

hat taxes can be cut while government programs grow.

稅可以減，政府計劃仍能成長。

state-run

國營

Olga Ivanova supplements her meager monthly pension of 205 rubles($2.28 at the current tourist rate)by selling eggs on a Yaroslavl street corner.

Olga Ivanova 在Yaroslavl的街頭賣雞蛋以補貼每月微薄的205盧布退休金收入。

She vaguely recalls buying smoked ham in a state-run shop six or seven years ago,

她依稀記得六七年前曾在國營商店買過煙燻火腿，

but the only meat available now sells for 40 rubles for 2 lbs.,or 20%of her income,at the free market.

但現在只能在自由市場買到肉，價格是兩磅40盧布，相當於她20%的收入。

On April 14,1991,armed robbers raided Amsterdam's state-run Van Gogh Museum at night,

1991年4月14日，武裝搶匪在晚間闖入國營的凡•高博物館，

cut tha alarm system and spent 45 minutes picking out 20 works by the Dutch Impressionist.

切斷警報系統，並且花了45分鐘時間挑走了這位荷蘭印象派畫家的20件作品。

twin deficits

雙赤字

Bringing down America's twin deficits will demand a wealth of ideas and compromises.

欲降低美國的雙赤字將需要許多的意見與妥協。

No single fix will do the job.

沒有一個單獨的方案能竟全功。

In addition,the economy was menaced by those terrible twin deficits in the federal budget and foreign trade.

另外，整體經濟也遭到聯邦預算與對外貿易雙重赤字的破壞。