高考英語語法學習方法
高考英語複習當中,對於語法的複習也不能落下。下面是本站小編給大家整理的高考英語語法學習方法,供大家參閱!
高中語法主謂一致精講在英語學習中,同學們會逐漸發現隨著學習的不斷深入,能夠充當主語的成分也越來越多,除了常見的名詞、代詞,還有非謂語、句子等等,那麼如何使這些主語和它的謂語動詞保持性、數上的一致,即主謂一致就成了我們英語學習中的一個重要課題,也是歷來高考題關注的熱點。現總結主謂一致的幾點原則如下:
(1)就近原則
①由並列結構或連詞(either…or, neither…nor,not…but, not only…but also, or等)連線的並列主語,謂語動詞與靠近的那個名詞或代詞保持一致。
Neither his parents nor Tom is at home.
湯姆和他的父母都不在家。
注:“either…or,neither…nor,or”連線的兩個主語若是一單一復,最好將複數主詞放在後面而接複數動詞。
②在倒裝句和there be句型中,謂語動詞與後面的第一個主語保持一致。
There is a book and some pens on the desk.
桌子上有一本書和幾支鋼筆。
There comes the bus.汽車來了。
③在定語從句中,關係代詞作主語,其謂語動詞應與它所指代的先行詞保持一致。
I know the man who is talking to my father.
我認識那個正在和我父親談話的人。
④在強調句中,連線代詞又在句中作主語,這時它應與被強調的主語保持一致。
It is Mary's brother who was injured in the car accident.
是瑪麗的哥哥在車禍中受傷了。
(2)意義一致原則
①當主語與謂語動詞之間插入along with,with,as well as,together with, no less than,besides,except, but, including等短語時,謂語動詞不受這些插入語的干擾,依然和主語保持一致。
I,along with my sister,am going to Shanghai next month.
我,還有我姐姐,打算下個月去上海。
②英語中有一類單、複數同型的詞(people,means,sheep,deer,fish等),其單、複數取決於它在句中的含義。
All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.
這個國家的人都已經為大變革作好了準備。
③多數情況下,由“what”引導的名詞性從句作主語時,其後的謂語動詞通常用單數形式。
What I want to say is just “Take care!”我只想說:“多保重!”
④當主語與all, none, any,some等不定代詞、形容詞連用時,應根據具體句意,來決定其後的謂語動詞的單複數。
All I know about this company is what he told me yesterday.
我對這家公司的瞭解都是昨天他告訴我的。
⑤“…+ (of)+名詞”結構描述數量時,如果“of”後的名詞為單數(不可數名詞),則謂語動詞用單數,如果名詞為複數,則謂語動詞用複數。
Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是乾淨的。
80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已經被送往美國。
Half of the apples are red.有一半兒的蘋果是紅的。
⑥片語“a number of, a great/good many, a group of+可數名詞複數”的結構作主語時,謂語動詞應用複數;如果冠詞a變為the,則謂語動詞用單數。
A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.
許多的古代建築在戰爭中被毀。
The number of the visitors has decreased this year.
遊客的數量今年減少了。
⑦英語的集體名詞(committee,crowd,family,public,group,party,team,class,club,company,
union等詞),指代“整體”時為單數;指代“其中的各成員”則為複數。
My family was very poor when I was a little girl.
當我還是一個小女孩兒的時候,我家很窮。
My family are all looking forward to your coming.
我的家人都在期待著你的到來。
(3)整體原則
①從句、不定式、動名詞等作主語時謂語動詞一律視作一個整體,謂語動詞用單數。
When to leave has not been decided.
什麼時候離開還沒有定下來。
Go shopping on Sunday is one of his habits.
週日購物是他的一個習慣。
注:如果主語是兩個(或兩個以上)的名詞性從句,謂語動詞常用複數。
What he said and what he did were always different.
他所說的和他所做的總是不一樣。
②如果兩個以上的名片語成一個整體概念作主語時,謂語動詞須用單數。
The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.
這位小說家兼詩人打算明年去歐洲。
The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.
小說家和詩人都打算明年去歐洲。
分析:(a)句中小說家和詩人the novelist and poet為同一個人,故謂語動詞用單數;而(b)句中有兩個人,一個是小說家the novelist,另一個是詩人the poet。
③專用名詞,如:書名、劇名、報刊名、國家(組織)名等,通常作單數用。
The United States was found in 1776.美國成立於1776年。
④表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時,通常被視作整體,謂語動詞用單數。
Ten minutes is enough.十分鐘足夠了。
⑤加減乘除等數學運算謂語動詞通常用單數。
Two times three makes six.二乘三等於六。
(4)個體原則
①and連線的兩個或多個主語前如果有each,every,no等修飾語時(後面的一個有時也可省略),後面的謂語動詞用單數形式。
Every man and every woman is busy at working.每個人都在忙著工作。
②英語句中的each, either, neither等詞,既可作代詞充當主語,又可作形容詞修飾主語,這時的謂語動詞一律用單數。
Neither of us has been abroad.我們誰都沒出過國。
③由some,any every,no構成的複合詞(somebody,nobody,everything,anything等)作主語時,謂語動詞用單數。
Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在學校門口等你。
④many a/more than one+單數名詞,一般接單數謂語動詞。
Many a man does not understand Einstein's relativity.
許多人不明白愛因斯坦的相對論。
⑤“one and a half+複數名詞”作主語,謂語動詞一般用單數。
One and a half hours has passed.一個半小時過去了。
⑥成雙成對出現的複數名詞(glasses, scissors, shoes, trousers,pants,gloves,stockings等)作主語時,通常謂語動詞用複數,但如果前面有a/the pair of;a/the suit of等詞語時,則謂語動詞要用單數。
A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁縫的重要工具。
⑦以“-s”結尾的“複數”名詞(如:一些學科名詞mathematics, physics, politics等),或以“-s”結尾的地點名詞、人名等詞後面的謂語動詞通常用單數。
Mathematics is my favorite subject.數學是我最喜歡的科目。
高中情態動詞專項總複習一、can (could)
1、can表示能力,用在過去時中,could表示過去所具有的一般的能力;經常表示能夠做某事,事實上不一定去做,而was / were able to則表示“過去做成了某事”(=managed to do, succeeded in doing)。在否定句中兩者可通用。例如:
① Two eyes can see more than one. 兩隻眼比一隻眼看得清。
② Could the girl read before she went to school? 這女孩上學前能識字嗎?
③Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 瑪麗會彈鋼琴。她五歲起就會彈了。
④He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn't feel like it that day. 他能遊過英吉利海峽,但那天他不想遊。
⑤Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前趕到了家裡。
⑥He tried many times, then at last, with the help of his math teacher, he was able to work out the difficult problem.
2、表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上),可用於肯定句,否定句和疑問句。can在肯定句中表“可能性”時是表示“理論(道理)上的可能性,普遍、一般情況下可能”,而不是表示具體某事發生的可能性;表示這樣的意思時要用could,may或might。can't (couldn't)表示“不可能”,與must意義相反。
①Accidents can happen.意外情況是可能發生的。?
②Scotland can be very warm in September.九月的蘇格蘭可以非常暖和。?
③Will you answer the phone? It could (may /might) be your mother. 你去接電話好嗎?可能是你媽媽打來的。(不能說It can be)
④He can't (couldn't) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。
⑤You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子裡走時勿吸菸,那樣可能會引起火災。
⑥When many people surf on the Internet, the speed can (could) be very slow.
⑦During rush hours, streets can (could) be vey crowded.
●can (could) have done表示對過去發生事情的推測,can have done只能用於疑問句和否定句中(“可能已經……了嗎” “不可能已經”),肯定句中用“could have done”。?
①Where can (could) he have gone?他會上哪兒去了呢?
②He can't (couldn't) have gone to school-it's Saturday.他不可能是去上學了,今天是星期六?
③He could have gone off with some friends.他可能是和幾位朋友出去了。(不說can have gone…)?
3、“could+完成式”還可用來表示虛擬(不用can)(也可表推測),“過去本能做而未做”以及用來責備某人在過去本可以做某事但未做。如:?
①You were stupid to go skiing there you could have broken your leg. 你到那個地方去滑雪真傻,你可能會摔斷腿的。?
②You could have told me the boss was angry.你本該告訴我老闆生氣了。
4、表示給予許可、允許或徵求意見(=may)。
① Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎?
② He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading—room. 他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。
③You can take this book home to read more carefully.你可以把書拿回家更詳細地閱讀。
5、表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態度。主要用於否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。
① Where can (could) they have gone to? 他們會去哪兒了呢?
② How can you be so careless? 你怎麼這麼粗心?
6、比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。
① Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎?。
② I'm afraid we couldn't give you an answer today. 恐怕我們今天不能給你答覆。
高考英語語法精要數詞講解1、數詞在使用時應注意的問題
易錯數詞:
年月日及介詞
計算用詞
和數字相關的詞
2、綜合
1) 數字表達:
123,856,709
one hundred and twenty-three million, eight hundred and fifty-six thousand, seven hundred and nine
2) 年月日
in the morning; on the morning of September 1;
in September; in 1988; on September 1 (on the first of September)
3、計算
+ Six and five is (are) eleven.
Six hundred plus forty is (equals) six hundred and forty.
- Four from seven is (leaves) three.
Six hundred minus one hundred equals five hundred.
X 16 x 11 = 176
Sixteen times eleven is (makes) one hundred and seventy-six.
÷ 9 ÷ 3 = 3
Nine divided by three equals three.
4、dozen, score
A. three dozen eggs; three dozen of these eggs; dozens of eggs
B. three score years; a (three) score of people; scores of times
5、小數,分數,百分比引導的短語作主語時的主謂一致問題.
分數和百分數引導的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數應根據分數和百分數後面的名詞來確定.如果是可數名詞的複數,其謂語動詞用複數形式;如果是不可數名詞或單數可數名詞其謂語動詞用單數形式.
More than 40 percent of the students wear glasses.
70 percent od the fund(資金) was supplied by the Government.
6、“一個半...”的表達法.
one pound and a half ,one and a half years