奧斯卡金酸梅獎 這些名字是什麼意思？

While some arts awards – the New York Film Critics Circle Awards, for instance – more or less tell you what they are by their name, other awards have a little more mystery in their monikers.
有那麼些獎，比如“紐約影評人協會獎”，你一看名字就或多或少能猜出它是幹嘛的。而有些略裝逼的獎就是喜歡賣賣關子。

Oscar
奧斯卡（電影界）

According to the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), the alternate name for an Academy Award – an ‘Oscar’ – has an uncertain origin, but perhaps comes from the name of Oscar Pierce, an American wheat and fruit farmer. The reason behind this unlikely namesake is Margaret Herrick, librarian (and later executive director) of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, who noted in 1931 that the award statuette reminded her of her ‘Uncle Oscar’, the name by which she called her cousin Oscar Pierce. The reference stuck and the award is still referred to as an ‘Oscar’ more than 80 years later.
在牛津英語詞典上，學院獎的別稱是奧斯卡。而奧斯卡這一稱呼怎麼來的沒有確切來處。有個說法是來自一名叫“奧斯卡·皮爾斯”的美國農民，這兩個風馬牛不相及的名字，因爲瑪格麗特·赫裏克聯繫在一起。這位電影藝術與科學學院的圖書管理員（後來的執行董事）在1931年時說到學院獎的小金人雕塑長得很像她奧斯卡叔叔，而那位種小麥和水果的農民奧斯卡·皮爾斯就是她的堂兄弟。於是，不知怎麼的“奧斯卡”這個稱呼就被一直用到了80年後的今天。

Tony
託尼獎（戲劇界）

Perhaps surprisingly, the ‘Tony’ of the Tony Award does not refer to a man, but to a woman. The annual awards, which are given by the American Theatre Wing and the Broadway League in New York City to honor achievement in live Broadway theater, are named in honor of Antoinette ‘Tony’ Perry, an actress, manager, and producer.
你可能不知道的是，託尼獎的“託尼”不是男的，乃是一位女士。這個一年一度的百老匯盛事，由美國劇院翼和百老匯聯盟在紐約頒發。它的名字來自知名女演員、製片人和導演安東尼特（託尼）·佩瑞。

Emmy
艾美獎（電視劇界）

In an era of binge-watching prestige dramas on tablets, the idea of cathode ray televisions feels awfully old-fashioned. However, it is likely that this old-fashioned technology is where the ‘Emmys’ got their name. Awarded for achievement in television by the American Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, the Emmys are said to be an alteration of Immy, which is itself a shortening of the term image orthicon. Image orthicon refers to a type of television camera tube popular in the cathode ray television sets of the mid-20th century.
在用平板電腦就可以大享電視劇盛宴的今天，陰極射線電視聽起來就是個老古董。然而它卻是艾美獎名字的來源。這個由美國電視藝術與科學學院頒發給電視劇界傑出貢獻者的獎項，Emmy據說是由Immy演變過來的。Immy是image orthicon（影像正析管）的縮寫，這是在19世紀中葉廣爲使用在電視機上的攝像管。

Grammy
格萊美獎（音樂界）

The etymological origins of Grammy, of the Grammy Award, which is awarded for achievement in the recording industry by the American National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, may also seem obscure to some millennials. After all, in an era when turntables have mostly been supplanted by digital music players, what exactly ‘Grammy’ refers to – surely not their grandmother? – may confuse some. The name comes from the shortening of gramophone to gram, with the added -my influence of ‘Emmy’.
格萊美獎是由美國國家錄音藝術與科學學院頒發給音樂界卓越貢獻者的獎項。Grammy（格萊美）這個詞可能千禧年後出生的人看到也會雲裏霧裏，總不能是外婆（grandmother）吧？在這個時代，唱片已經被數字音樂播放器取代，而Grammy就是gramophone（留聲機）的簡寫gram+ my後綴（和Emmy獎一樣）組成。

Palme d’Or
金棕櫚獎（電影界）

The top jury prize awarded at the annual Cannes International Film Festival in Cannes, France, the reason why the award appears in the form of a ‘palme d’or’ (‘golden palm’) is probably confusing to industry outsiders and those living outside of France. The award is a reference to the coat of arms of Cannes, which features a palm leaf.
金棕櫚獎是在法國戛納國際電影節上頒發的至高無上的大獎。如果你既不在電影圈也不是法國人，可能搞不清“金棕櫚”的名字其實是因爲它的獎盃上裝飾着的金色棕櫚枝。（譯者注：戛納這座法國南部的濱海城市，在金銀兩色的沙灘上到處種植着高大挺拔的棕櫚樹）

Razzies
金酸莓獎（電影界）

The infamous Razzies, also known as the Golden Raspberry Awards, are given to the worst in the world of film, and are juxtaposed with the Academy Awards, or Oscars, which traditionally take place the following day. The award was named a ‘raspberry’ with reference to the sense of raspberry as a ‘sound made with the tongue and lips, expressing derision or contempt’.
Razzies（金酸莓獎）又叫Golden Raspberry Awards，是一個向爛片致敬的獎項，一般都搶在學院獎，也就是奧斯卡的前幾天發佈。金酸莓獎起名raspberry（覆盆子）是因爲它有喝倒彩（把舌頭放在兩脣之間併發出聲音）之意。