10位有可能感染過梅毒的歷史名人(中)

ham Lincoln May Have Had Syphilis While President

7.亞伯拉罕·林肯擔任總統時可能已染上梅毒

If Abraham Lincoln had syphilis, he was killed before the symptoms became too severe.

如果亞伯拉罕·林肯的確得了梅毒病的話，那麼在他被刺殺的時候，他的病症還未十分嚴重。

In America, syphilis was common at the time because there was no protection from the disease and no real cure.

在當時的美國，梅毒是一種相當常見的疾病，因爲那時還沒有對梅毒的防護措施，也沒有有效的治癒方法。

Even though Lincoln was shot before the later stages of syphilis were manifested, there is medical evidence that Lincoln had the disease. There is also considerable evidence that he gave the disease to his wife.

雖然林肯的梅毒病症還沒有進入後期顯現階段，他就被槍殺了，但是有醫學證據可以證明，林肯確實染上了這一疾病。同時，也有充分的證據顯示，他還把這一疾病傳染給了他的妻子。

Before Lincoln married his wife, Mary Todd, he often consorted with prostitutes, which could have been where he contracted the disease.

在林肯迎娶他的妻子瑪麗·託德以前，他經常與妓女們交纏廝混，那可能就是他沾染上梅毒的源頭了。

Around 1835, Lincoln admitted to his close friend and biographer William Herndon that he'd caught the disease.

大約1835年，林肯就向他的摯友、著名傳記作家威廉·赫恩登承認，他的確染上了梅毒。

Later, Herndon speculated that syphilis may have caused the Lincoln children to die prematurely.

後來，赫恩登推測，梅毒可能就是導致林肯的孩子們過早死亡的元兇。

Lincoln often took "little blue pills" (mercury pills), which were a common treatment for the disease at the time.

林肯經常服用一種"藍色小藥片"（水銀片）。在當時，這是一種常見的梅毒治療方法。

Possibly the greatest evidence that Lincoln had syphilis was his wife's manifestation of the symptoms.

或許，林肯患有梅毒最有力的證據，就是他妻子所顯示出來的梅毒症狀。

Syphilis produces a variety of psychological symptoms that cause insanity: Mary Todd Lincoln most certainly had those.

梅毒會引發一系列多種多樣的精神症狀，甚至還會導致精神失常。而瑪麗·託德·林肯肯定有這些徵兆。

She was known for her erratic behavior in later life, and she complained of hallucinations and delusions.

在之後的人生中，她異常古怪的行爲人盡皆知，並且時常因幻覺與妄想而抱怨。

Mary Todd also developed blindness and had extreme weight loss, other possible symptoms of syphilis. She had insomnia, impaired coordination, migraines, and chronic pain.

瑪麗·託德的視力也進一步惡化，並且逐漸身形消瘦、形容枯槁，這也是梅毒的其他症狀。她逐漸失眠、出現四肢協調性障礙以及偏頭痛等病症，還患上了長期病痛。

When an autopsy was performed, her brain showed signs of nerve deterioration, which may have been related to syphilis.

當她死後，遺體經屍檢證實，她的大腦顯現出神經惡化的跡象，這可能也與她的梅毒病症有關。

Wilkes Booth May Have Been Suffering From Syphilis During The Assassination

6.約翰·威爾克斯·布斯可能在暗殺時已飽受梅毒之苦

It's undeniable that John Wilkes Booth was mentally unstable. However, it isn't known what caused his insanity.

無疑，約翰·威爾克斯·布斯精神不穩定，但人們卻並不知道是什麼導致了他的精神錯亂。

Theories range from alcoholism to mental disorders, but one theory has enough evidence to possibly be accepted as fact: John Wilkes Booth had late-stage syphilis.

各種版本從酒精中毒扯到精神障礙，不過其中一個版本還是有充分理由被大衆認可的：約翰·威爾克斯·布斯是梅毒晚期。

The world in which Booth was born and raised was a fertile one for syphilis.

布斯自出世至長大成人所處的環境絕對是梅毒滋生的溫牀。

Booth was a handsome man and a popular actor from a famous family. It would have been easy for him to find sexual partners.

他英俊多金還是演員家庭的著名一員，找性伴侶當然絕非難事。

He was a frequent womanizer, so catching syphilis was probably only a matter of time.

事實上他也確實是頻繁做愛的好色之徒，因此感染梅毒只是時間問題。

Although young when he killed Lincoln, Booth's career was almost over.

儘管他殺害林肯總統時仍很年輕，但他的演員生涯已走至盡頭。

He suffered from hoarseness, a common symptom of syphilis, which made him unable to project his voice on stage.

他常常嗓子嘶啞以至於無法進行與聲音相關的表演，而嗓子嘶啞正是感染梅毒的顯著特徵。

Other possible symptoms include the tumors which he had removed from his back and neck, frequent rashes all over his body, and pain in his chest.

他還有其他可能由梅毒引起的症狀，包括從背部和頸部切除的腫瘤，遍佈全身的皮疹和胸口的痛。

He also showed the psychological signs—mental instability, delusions, mood fluctuations, and depression. He was known to fly into angry rages at the slightest provocations.

還有一些心理症狀如心理不穩定，妄想，情緒波動和抑鬱症。他爲一點小事就暴怒的脾氣人盡皆知。

Booth also became impulsive, a symptom indicative of the deterioration of the frontal lobe, which is common with syphilis.

布斯也變得衝動魯莽，這預示着他的大腦額葉開始惡化，這正是梅毒常見的一種症狀。

If Booth did indeed kill Lincoln because of mental illness caused by syphilis, imagine how different history would have been if he had never caught the disease.

如果布斯真是因爲梅毒引起的精神疾病而刺殺了林肯，那麼想象一下他若從未感染過這種疾病，歷史將如何改寫。

les VIII Caught Syphilis And Started An Epidemic

5.查爾斯八世感染梅毒並引起了一種傳染病的盛行

King Charles VIII of France had an obsessive desire to reclaim the Kingdom of Naples. In 1491, he married Anne of Brittany, ceding the rights to several territories to her family.

法國國王查爾斯八世着迷般渴望奪回那不勒斯王國。1491年，他娶了布列塔尼的安妮，割讓了幾塊領土給她的家族。

In 1493, he signed the Treaty of Barcelona, which gave even more French territories away.

1493年，他又簽署了《巴塞羅那條約》，割讓了更多的法國領土。

Only Charles knew why he had made such strange decisions: He wanted to get rid of all concerns so that he could conquer Naples.

只有查爾斯知道這些荒謬決定的原因：他想除去所有紛擾來專心征服那不勒斯。

Finally, in 1495, he marched into Naples without opposition and received the crown.

最終，在1495年，他在無異議的情況下進軍那不勒斯併成功加冕。

Unfortunately for Charles, almost every other kingdom in Italy opposed his leadership.

不幸的是，意大利幾乎所有的其他王國都反對他的領導。

They banded together to form the League of Venice and defeated Charles at the Battle of Fornovo. Charles and the remainder of his army fled back to France.

他們結成威尼斯聯盟在福爾諾沃戰役擊潰了查爾斯。查爾斯與他的軍隊逃回了法國。

Apparently, sailors from Christopher Columbus's crew had gone to Naples, where they spread syphilis.

很明顯，克里斯托弗·哥倫布的船員們去了那不勒斯，在那裏傳播梅毒。

When Charles and his army occupied the kingdom, they had sexual relations with people in Naples and subsequently contracted the disease.

當查爾斯和他的軍隊佔領了此王國，他們在那不勒斯和當地人發生了性關係，隨後染上了這種疾病。

During their retreat, Charles and his army caused an epidemic of syphilis throughout Europe. As a result, syphilis became known as the "French disease."

在他們的撤退期間，查爾斯和他的軍隊在整個歐洲都引起了梅毒的流行。結果，梅毒被稱爲"法國病"。

The Terrible's Infamous Reign May Have Been Caused By Syphilis

4.梅毒竟是伊凡大帝臭名昭著的統治原因

While Ivan the Terrible was a relatively sane and just ruler at the beginning of his reign in Russia, he became increasingly insane and cruel in his later years.

雖然伊凡大帝在統治俄國初期相對比較開明正直，但是在他當政晚年，他愈發神經兮兮，愈加殘暴。

In one fit of rage, he even killed his son. While insanity is quite common in royalty, there seemed to be no reason for Ivan the Terrible's sudden change in personality.

一次，他大發雷霆，竟然殺死了自己的兒子。因爲精神失常在皇室中很常見，伊凡大帝這種人格上的轉變毫無緣由貌似也可以接受。

However, recent medical evidence shows what the cause may have been.

然而近來，有醫學證據表明已找到了原因。

As mentioned earlier, mercury was a common treatment for syphilis before there was an effective cure.

上文也提到過，在出現治療梅毒的有效方法之前，水銀是最常見的治療方式。

So when Ivan the Terrible's body was tested by forensic scientists centuries after his death, they put two and two together when they found high levels of mercury in Ivan's corpse.

而就在幾個世紀後，當法醫檢驗伊凡大帝的屍體時，法醫在他體內發現了含量很高的水銀，因此，他們根據以往的經驗推斷伊凡大帝患了梅毒。

Of course, mercury poisoning could have also actually caused many of Ivan the Terrible's psychological symptoms, rather than the other way around.

當然，水銀中毒確實會引起伊凡大帝的很多心理症狀，不用說也都知道。

But why would Ivan's physicians have given him mercury in the first place?

但是，爲什麼伊凡的醫生一開始就給他使用水銀呢？

From Kazimierz Waliszewski's 1904 book, Ivan the Terrible, a description of Ivan's behavior in later life matches symptoms of the later stages of syphilis:

從Kazimierz Waliszewski所著的《伊凡大帝》（1904年）一書的描述中，伊凡晚年的行爲同晚期梅毒症狀很匹配，他寫道：

During the second half of the Sovereign's life, as to which we possess most information, his habitual expression struck the majority of witnesses as being threatening and gloomy, though he often burst into roars of laughter.

在君主的後半段生命中，據我們掌握的信息，他那種震懾、陰鬱的慣性表情給大多數見證者留下了深刻地印象，雖然他時常也會突然發出一陣大笑聲

Ivan was energetic to the point of violence, and yet timid down to outright cowardice; his pride amounted to positive madness, and his humility occasionally descended to baseness.

伊凡熱衷於暴力，但又很膽小，表現爲徹頭徹尾的懦夫；他驕傲，驕傲到散發着積極的瘋狂；他又很卑微，時而會卑微到卑鄙。

He was intelligent, and yet capable of saying and doing the most foolish things.

他聰明，但又會說蠢話，做蠢事。

His paranoia, mood swings, and poor health could all have been caused by tertiary syphilis.

他偏執，情緒波動大，身體不好，這些都可能是梅毒引起的。