關於安全的英語美文帶翻譯
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美中兩國同意就網絡安全展開合作
Senior Chinese and U.S. defense officials have agreed to cooperate on cyber security threats,despite recent accusations that China is behind several cyber attacks against U.S. networks.
中國和美國的高層國防官員同意就應對互聯網安全威脅進行合作，儘管最近有關方面指責中國策劃了幾次對美國互聯網網站的入侵。
The announcement came Monday as China's Defense Minister Liang Guanglie met inWashington with his U.S. counterpart, Leon Panetta.
中國國防部長樑光烈星期一在華盛頓會晤美國國防部長帕內塔時，雙方宣佈了這一意向。
Panetta said it was important for both countries to work together on cyber security issues toavoid any future crises over digital threats.
帕內塔說，美中兩國共同應對網絡安全問題，以避免將來數字化威脅導致的危機，具有重要意義。
Liang said Beijing was also ready to participate in joint efforts to strengthen cybersecurity,saying China has been one of the biggest victims of cyber attacks in recent years. But he deniedaccusations that Chinese hackers were behind recent online attacks on U.S. companies andgovernment agencies.
樑光烈說，北京也準備就緒參與加強網絡安全的共同努力，並表示中國是近年來網絡入侵的最大受害者之一。但是，樑光烈否認有關中國黑客最近入侵美國公司及政府機構互聯網網站的指稱。
Liang and Panetta also discussed a range of other issues, including territorial disputes in theSouth China Sea, U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, and North Korea's nuclear program. It was thefirst visit by a Chinese defense minister to the U.S. since 2003.
樑光烈和帕內塔還討論了一系列其他問題，包括南中國海的領土爭端、美國對臺軍售以及朝鮮核項目。自從2003年以來，這是中國國防部長首次訪問美國。
關於安全的英語美文篇2網絡商業及網絡安全 電子心臟病
A flaw in popular internet-security software could have serious consequences for all sorts ofbusiness
廣泛使用的網絡安全軟件出現漏洞，可能會殃及幾乎所有企業
THE Heartbleed bug sounds like a nasty coronary condition. But it is in fact a software flaw thathas left up to two-thirds of the world's websites vulnerable to attack by hackers. “This ispotentially the most dangerous bug that we have seen for a long, long time,” says JamesBeeson, the chief information security officer of GE Capital Americas, an arm of GE. Since itsexistence was revealed on April 7th by researchers at Codenomicon, a security outfit, andGoogle, countless companies around the world that rely on the internet for part or all of theirbusiness have been scrambling to fix the flaw.
“心臟流血”，聽起來像是某種嚴重的心臟病的名稱。但事實上，它是一個軟件漏洞的名字，此漏洞使得全球三分之二的網站暴露於被黑客攻擊的危險之中。“這可能是近些年來發現過的最危險的漏洞了，”通用電氣旗下的通用電氣金融服務公司的首席信息安全官詹姆士·比森說道。這個漏洞是由網絡安全研究團隊Codenomicon和谷歌於四月七日發現的，自從那時起，全球範圍內，只要是或多或少依靠互聯網的公司，都火急火燎地在修補漏洞。
Ironically, the bug was discovered in OpenSSL, encryption software that was designed to makethe internet more secure. Available free, this open-source code is popular with businessesand governments, which use it to help secure everything from online credit-card transactionsto public services. On April 9th, for instance, Canada's tax authority shut off public access toits online services while it checked the security of its systems in the light of news about thebug.
諷刺的是，這個漏洞是在OpenSSl中發現的，而後者是一個用於提升網絡安全的加密軟件。OpenSSL是一個免費的開源軟件，被企業和政府部門廣泛使用，用於保護信用卡交易或公共服務的安全。比如加拿大稅務部門的提供的公衆網絡服務就使用了OpenSSL，在得知漏洞的存在後，稅務部門便在四月九日關閉了服務。
The flaw makes it possible for hackers to trick a server into spewing out data held in itsmemory. OpenSSL has a feature known as a “heartbeat” that allows a computer at one end ofan encrypted link to send occasional signals to the computer at the other end of it, to checkthat it is still online. The researchers discovered that a hacker with knowledge of the bug couldreplicate this signal and use it to steal all manner of data from a remote computer.
“心血”漏洞增加了黑客套取存儲在服務器上的數據的可能性。OpenSSL有一個名爲“心跳”的功能，允許加密鏈接一端的電腦隨機發出一條信息，確認另一端的電腦是否仍然在線。研究人發現，一個熟悉“心血”漏洞的黑客，可以通過複製這個信號來盜取遠程計算機上的所有數據。
Those data could include encryption keys that let hackers decipher traffic. To make mattersworse, the researchers found that the bug, which is present in some versions of OpenSSL thathave been available since March 2012, allows attacks to be mounted without leaving a trace intargeted computers' “server logs”, so victims are unaware their systems have beencompromised. That means it is impossible to tell for sure what damage has been done.
這些數據可能包括可以讓黑客解碼之前通信內容的密鑰。更糟糕的是，研究人員發現，此漏洞從2012起就開始在OpenSSL的一些版本中出現;而且，黑客通過此漏洞攻擊時不會在其目標計算機的“服務器日誌”中留下痕跡，所以，受害者無法察覺到自己的系統已經被入侵了。
The bug has forced companies to find out fast how many of their systems employ thevulnerable versions of OpenSSL. “Everyone knows they have to patch their customer-facinginternet websites, but that is only the tip of the iceberg,” says Jonathan Sander of STEALTHbitsTechnologies, a security firm that is helping one of America's biggest banks work out where ithas deployed the buggy software. Web-connected systems that handle things such asaccounting and personnel data will also need to be checked for the bug.
這個漏洞促使企業迅速查明它們自己有哪些系統使用了存在漏洞的OpenSSL。“所有人都知道要去修補他們面向客戶的網站，但那些只是冰山一角，”安全公司STEALTHbits Technologies的喬納森·桑德說。該公司正在幫助美國的一家大型銀行定位其系統上的漏洞。其他聯網系統，例如處理帳務和私人信息的聯網系統，都有必要檢查一下是否有漏洞。
Mr Sander likens the discovery of the Heartbleed bug to finding a faulty part in nearly everymake and model of car. The problem is that the internet cannot be recalled. Big web companiessuch as Google and Yahoo have moved fast to deal with the bug. But millions of smaller e-commerce sites and other businesses face the worrying prospect of being attacked by hackersalerted to the bug's existence as the firms race to fix the problem.
桑德說，發現“心血”漏洞，就好比汽車廠商在它的每款車裏都發現一個同一個缺陷。但問題是，互聯行業裏沒有召回這一說。像谷歌和雅虎這樣的大型網絡公司已經立即處理了漏洞。但是還有大量的小型的電商網站和其他類型的小公司只能一邊搶修，一邊擔心被那些獲悉漏洞存在的黑客的攻擊。
The cure includes applying a software “patch” and then choosing new encryption keys toreplace those that may have been compromised. Once this has been done, customers will oftenneed to change their passwords too. Tumblr, a blogging service owned by Yahoo, has urged itsusers to change the passwords they use for all of the secure online services that holdsensitive data about them. Some companies even chose to suspend services while they wereworking on a fix. Bitstamp, a Bitcoin e-currency exchange, temporarily suspended newaccount registrations and logins to its existing accounts.
補救的辦法包括給軟件打“補丁”，然後用新密鑰替換那些可能被盜取的密鑰。完成了這兩步之後，用戶通常還需要更改他們的密碼。雅虎旗下提供博客服務的Tumblr就強烈建議用戶更改所有包含他們敏感信息的服務的密碼。有些公司甚至在其修補漏洞期間暫停了服務。比特幣交易網站Bitstamp就暫時關閉了註冊和登錄服務。
Another Y2 K?
另一個千年蟲?
Perhaps the risk posed by the Heartbleed bug will turn out to be overblown. But if it emergesthat companies' systems have indeed been hacked because of it, this could open a legal can ofworms. Firms could argue that they ought not to be punished for using widely trusted securitysoftware. But aggrieved customers—and their lawyers—may see things differently.
也許，“心血”漏洞可能造成的風險被誇大了。但是一旦真的有公司因此漏洞被黑客入侵了，就可能引起極爲棘手的法律糾紛。企業可能會自辯說其不應該因使用被廣泛信任的安全軟件受罰。但受害的用戶和他們的律師可不會這麼想。
Quite how the bug got into the OpenSSL software in the first place is a mystery. BruceSchneier, an internet-security expert, argues in a blog post that “the probability is close toone” that intelligence agencies have exploited the glitch to nab the encryption keys needed todecipher information about their targets. His guess is that the glitch is the result of a codingerror rather than the handiwork of spies, though he says he cannot be sure.
至於究竟這個漏洞最初是如何出現在OpenSSL中的，這還是一個謎。網絡安全專家布魯斯·施奈爾在他的一篇博客裏稱，“毫無疑問”，情報部門已利用此漏洞盜取密鑰以獲取其監控目標的信息。雖然他不能完全肯定，但他認爲漏洞是編程失誤的結果，不太可能是間諜的傑作。
No matter who is to blame, this episode is another reminder of the security challengescompanies face as ever more economic activity shifts online. According to eMarketer, a researchoutfit, worldwide business-to-consumer e-commerce sales are likely to grow by just over afifth this year, to $1.5 trillion. That is a huge commercial opportunity, but it will alsoencourage cyber-crooks to target businesses even more vigorously. Expect more computer-security heartburn in boardrooms.
不管幕後黑手到底是誰，這個事件再一次提醒我們，在企業不斷將經濟活動向線上轉移的過程中，它們將面臨大量的安全挑戰。據一個名爲eMarketer的市場調查公司稱，今年全球B2C電商的銷售總額將有望達到1.5萬億美元，同比增長超過五分之一。這是巨大的商機，同時也會讓網絡罪犯們更堅定地咬住企業這塊肥肉。就讓董事會的老爺們爲此燒心窩火吧。
關於安全的英語美文篇3Cyber-security
網絡安全
The internet of things (to be hacked)
(或將遭遇黑客的)物聯網
Hooking up gadgets to the web promises huge. But security must not be an afterthought
將各種東西交聯到互聯網上似乎前景極大，但首先應該考慮到安全問題。
CYBER-SECURITY is now part of all our lives. “Patches” and other security updates arrive forphones, tablets and PCs. Consultants remind us all not to open unknown files or plugunfamiliar memory sticks into our computers. The bosses of some Western firms throw awayphones and laptops after they have been to China assuming they have been hacked. And yet,as our special report this week points out, digital walls keep on being breached. Last year morethan 800m digital records, such as credit- and debit-card details, were pinched or lost, morethan three times as many as in 2012. According to a recent estimate by the Centre for Strategicand International Studies, a think-tank, the cost to the global economy of cybercrime andonline industrial espionage stands at 445 billion a year—about as much as the GDP of Austria.
如今，網路安全與我們每個人息息相關。手機、平板電腦以及個人電腦上的各種“補丁”以及其他的安全更新應運而生。安全顧問提醒我們不要打開未知文件或將陌生的記憶棒連接到自己的電腦上。一些西方公司的老闆如果在中國遭遇黑客，他們就會將手機跟筆記本電腦扔掉。正如本週的特別報道中指出的，數字牆正遭受着源源不斷的攻擊。去年，諸如信用卡和借記卡記錄在內的超過800m的數字文件被刪除或丟失，是2012年的三倍之多。據戰略和國家問題研究中心—一個智庫—最新評估稱，全球經濟網絡犯罪和網絡工業間諜活動一年耗資爲4450億美元，將近奧地利的GDP。
Now a new phase in this contest is emerging: “the internet of things”. This involvesembedding miniature computers in objects and connecting them to the internet using wirelesstechnology. Cisco, a technology company, predicts that 50 billion connected devices will be incirculation by the end of the decade, up from 11 billion last year. Web-connected cars andsmart appliances in homes are becoming more common, as are medical devices that can bemonitored by doctors many miles from their patients. Tech companies are splurging cash:witness Google's punt on driverless cars and the 3.2 billion it has spent buying Nest, a makerof smart thermostats.
如今，這場對抗的新階段正在形成——即物聯網。包括將微型計算器嵌入物體中並利用無線技術將他們連入互聯網。思科技術公司預測，在去年110億的基礎上，2020年底以前將有500億連接裝置處於流通。聯網汽車和智能家電以及能供醫生遠距離監控病人的醫療裝置越來越普遍。科技公司斥巨資於此，例如谷歌投資無人駕駛汽車並花費32億美元收購智能恆溫器公司Nest。
Such connectivity offers many advantages, from being able to adjust your house's heatingwhen you are in the office to alerting your doctor that your insulin level has risen. But it alsogives malicious hackers an easy way to burrow deeper into people's lives. The small,embedded computers at the centre of the internet of things do not have as much processingpower or memory as, say, a smartphone, so security software on them tends to berudimentary. There have already been instances of nefarious types taking control ofwebcams, televisions and even a fridge, which was roped into a network of computers pumpingout e-mail spam. And security researchers have found ways of hacking into some kinds ofmedical devices and cars, though this still requires specialist knowledge and kit. The wirelessheart monitor of Dick Cheney, America's former vice-president, was modified to stop remoteassassination attempts.
這樣連通性提供了許多好處，例如當你在辦公室就能夠調節房子的供暖設備，又或是在你的胰島素水平上升時提醒醫生。但同時它也使得惡意黑客們很容易就深入挖掘到人們的生活。物聯網中心的小型嵌入式計算機沒有像只能手機那樣的多處理能力或內存，所以往往需要安全軟件。已經有通過網絡羣發垃圾郵件控制攝像頭、電視甚至冰箱的例子。儘管需要專業的知識和裝備，安全研究人員仍發現一些侵入某些醫療設備和汽車的方法。美國前副總統迪克·切尼的無線心臟監視器就是通過修改來停止遠程暗殺的。
Beware the fridge in Ealing
當心伊林的冰箱
For the companies building the internet of things, its vulnerability could be costly. The tacticof pumping out new software as fast as possible and then issuing patches later to fix flaws inthe code may be tolerable if all that is lost is data, but if it involves personal safety, consumerswill be less tolerant. In order to avoid lurid headlines about cars crashing, insulin overdosesand houses burning, tech firms will surely have to embrace higher standards. Just as withcomputers and phones, there will be more passwords and more updates, though that maymake the internet of things less easy to use—a blow for a business based on making life moreconvenient.
對於構建物聯網的公司而言，計算機的漏洞可能會使其付出巨大代價。如果只是丟失了數據，儘快推出新的軟件然後發佈補丁修復代碼中的缺陷這一策略是可以被接受，但如果涉及到人身安全，消費者將不會那麼寬容了。爲了避免關於撞車、胰島素過量以及房屋失火等聳人聽聞的標題，科技公司必將執行更高的標準。就像電腦和電話，物聯網將會需要更多的密碼和更新，儘管使用上不再方便，但這是爲了使生活有更多的便利。
For governments, the temptation will be to panic and do too much. They should make clearthat web-connected gadgets are covered by existing safety laws and existing product-liabilityregimes: last year Japan's Toyota was successfully sued for installing malfunctioning, but notweb-connected, software. Wrongdoers should be punished, but the best prompt for securingthe internet of things is competition. Either tech firms will find ways to make web-connectedgadgets more dependable, or people will decide they can live without them. Who needs asmart fridge anyway?
對於政府來說，這種誘惑是危與機並存的。他們理應明確上網設備是由現有的安全法律、現有的產品責任制度所涵蓋。去年日本豐田成功起訴了安裝故障而不是網絡連接或軟件。違法者應該受到懲罰，但保障物聯網的最好方式是競爭。是科技公司設法使上網設備更可靠，還是人們決定他們生活中是否應該依賴於此?到底是誰需要一個智能冰箱呢?
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