盤點各國宇航員食用的不爲人知的太空美食

What do Russian, American, Japanese and Chinese astronauts eat in space? Do they eat the same things as on earth or something totally different? Are these foods tasty? The truth may blow your mind.

俄羅斯、美國、日本和中國的宇航員在太空中吃什麼？他們吃的東西和在地球上一樣還是完全不同？這些食物美味嗎？真相可能會打擊你。

Russia

俄羅斯

As the first country to send astronauts into space, Russia started to develop space food since the early 1960s.

作爲第一個將宇航員送入太空的國家，自20世紀70年代初，俄羅斯就開始發展宇航食品。

Food that can be sucked was the earliest type of space food, but astronauts still felt hungry after eating them.

宇航食品的最初版本是可吸入食品，但是吃完這些東西以後，宇航員仍然覺得餓。

Later, more satisfying foods like ox tongue, herring pie and chicken cutlets were then added to the menu to solve the problem.

隨後，像牛舌、鯡魚餡餅和雞肉餅這樣更容易果腹的食物被加入菜單，解決了宇航員吃不飽的問題。

Now Russian astronauts can enjoy a variety of food similar to on earth, such as black bread, honey cake, ham, quail, Polish pike, Russian cheese and sturgeon.

如今，俄羅斯宇航員已經可以享用一系列和地球食物相近的食品了，比如黑麪包，蜂蜜蛋糕，火腿、鵪鶉，波蘭梭子魚，俄羅斯奶酪和鱘魚。

Food is stored in special packages, and astronauts can eat them with a spoon or fork rather than suck them with a straw.

食物被儲存在特製包裝裏，宇航員可以用勺子或者叉子食用它們，而不是用吸管吸食。

US

美國

Fast food is the main food for American astronauts. The range of delicious food includes sausage pies, spicy grilled fish, potato roast beef, butter bread, tempeh broth, tuna salad and drinks like Coca-cola.

快餐是美國宇航員的主要食物。這些美味的食物包括香腸派、麻辣烤魚、土豆燒牛肉、黃油麪包、豆豉湯、金槍魚沙拉和可口可樂這樣的飲料。

Japan

日本

Japanese space food expresses their unique cultural identity. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency displayed 29 different types of space food at an exhibition in Tokyo in June, 2007.

日本的宇航食品表達出它特有的文化特性。2007年6月在東京舉行的展覽會上，日本宇宙航空研究開發機構展示了29種不同類別的太空食物。

Most of these are traditional Japanese food, including rice balls, tomato fish, curry noodles, mountain vegetables, beans, glutinous rice, and sweets.

絕大多數食物都是日本傳統食物，包括飯糰、番茄魚、咖喱面、高山蔬菜、豆類、糯米、和甜食。

China

中國

Chinese space food has become more diverse and delicious in recent years. In 2003, there were 20 or 30 types of food for China's first astronaut, Yang Liwei, who was carried aloft by Shenzhou V.

近年來，中國宇航食品已經變得越來越多樣且美味。2003年，中國首位搭載神舟五號進入太空的航天員楊利偉的食譜裏，有20到30種食品。

On Shenzhou VII which blasted off in 2012, there were about 70 types of items.

2012年升入太空的神舟七號，有大約70種食品。

The first breakfast for crew members was assorted fried rice, dried braised Pleurotus eryngoes, pickled cabbage and pork, pickled mustard, Char Siu Sauce and milk tea.

船員的第一頓早餐是什錦炒飯、燴幹杏鮑菇、酸菜豬肉湯、榨菜、叉燒醬和奶茶。

The menu for Shenzhou X has expanded to more than 80 types of food, with moon cake and ice cream on the list.

神州十號的菜單已經擴充到80多種食品種類，包括月餅和冰淇淋都在菜單裏。

Shenzhou XI, on the other hand, carries more than 100 types of food and beverages, including spiced beef and shredded pork in garlic sauce, a popular dish in almost every Sichuan cuisine restaurant, and desserts.

此外，神州十一號運載了100多種食品和飲料進入太空，包括五香牛肉、甜品和豬肉碎蒜醬，後者幾乎在每間四川餐廳裏都很流行。

Recipes were designed and arranged in accordance with nutritional requirements in different phases of the mission.

菜譜根據不同任務階段對營養的需要設計並且安排。

For example, the astronauts can eat congees if they lack appetite during their first days in space; Chinese food therapy will be adopted in the middle phase in line with the changes in the astronauts' physical conditions; while in the latter stage, food with low dietary fiber along with multivitamins will kick in.

比如，剛進入太空的頭幾天，如果宇航員食慾不振，他們可以喝粥；在宇航探索中期，將根據宇航員身體狀況的變化使用中國食療法；在宇航探索的最後階段，低膳食纖維並且含有多種維生素的食物會介入。

The recipe will change every five days during their 33-day stay in space. All food can keep for more than one year and are free from preservatives.

在33天的宇宙探索過程中，每五天更換一次食譜。所有食品的保質期都超過一年，並且不含防腐劑。