2020年託福閱讀官方評分標準
進入2020年，相信有很多的新同學加入到託福備考中來。對於具體的託福閱讀的評分標準，大家可能不是很清楚。因此本站爲大家整理了相關的內容，讓大家更好地瞭解閱讀分數的評分標準。
新託福閱讀考試共三篇文章,每篇12-14道題,如果遇到加試時從考試的五篇文章中隨機選取三篇計分。在這三篇文章中所有回答正確的題目數量加起來就是你的“totalpoints”。除重要觀點題和歸類題以外，每道題的分值都是1分。重要觀點題的分值可能是2分。歸類題爲3或4分。考試所得分數範圍：0-30分。
| 正確題目個數 | 得分 | 正確題目個數 | 得分 | 正確題目個數 | 得分 | 正確題目個數 | 得分 |
| 10 | 3 | 21 | 8 | 32 | 18 | 45 | 30 |
| 9 | 2 | 20 | 8 | 31 | 17 | 44 | 29 |
| 8 | 2 | 19 | 7 | 30 | 16 | 13 | 29 |
| 7 | 1 | 18 | 7 | 29 | 16 | 42 | 28 |
| 6 | 1 | 17 | 6 | 28 | 15 | 41 | 27 |
| 5 | 0 | 16 | 6 | 27 | 14 | 40 | 26 |
| 4 | 0 | 15 | 5 | 26 | 13 | 39 | 25 |
| 3 | 0 | 14 | 5 | 25 | 12 | 38 | 24 |
| 2 | 0 | 13 | 4 | 24 | 11 | 37 | 23 |
| 1 | 0 | 12 | 4 | 23 | 10 | 36 | 22 |
| 33 | 19 | 11 | 3 | 22 | 9 | 35 | 21 |
| 34 | 20 |
託福閱讀應該計算實際拿到多少原始分“Raw PointTotal(0-45)”，再參照評分表，計算最後的分數(0-30)。不同版本的試卷因難度不同有不同的轉換標準，所以新託福閱讀是沒有固定的評分表的。
每篇文章700個字，對應14道題目。其中，13道題是基礎信息和推斷題，每道題1分。最後一道題是小結題，俗稱大題，滿分2分。大題一般情況下是6選3，3個選項錯一個扣一分，扣完爲止，即在答題中錯2或3個選項，這個題目不得分。
因此，每篇文章對應14個題目，共15分。閱讀部分整體42道題，對應原始分數滿分45分。根據如下表格，將會給出原始分數與最終分數的對應。
託福閱讀TPO33第2篇:鐵路和商品化農業
Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century UnitedStates
【1】By 1850 the United States possessed roughly 9,000 miles of railroadtrack; Ten years later it had over 30,000 miles, more than the rest of the worldcombined. Much of the new construction during the 1850s occurred west of theAppalachian Mountains—over 2,000 miles in the states of Ohio and Illinoisalone.
【2】The effect of the new railroad lines rippled outward through theeconomy. Farmers along the tracks began to specialize in corps that they couldmarket in distant locations. With their profits they purchased manufacturedgoods that earlier they might have made at home. Before the railroad reachedTennessee, the state produced about 25,000 bushels (or 640 tons) of wheat, whichsold for less than 50 cents a bushel. Once the railroad came, farmers in thesame counties grew 400,000 bushels (over 10,000 tons) and sold their crop at adollar a bushel.
【3】The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western trade. In1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the Mississippi River to thebustling port of New Orleans. But low water made steamboat travel hazardous insummer, and ice shut down traffic in winter. Products such as lard, tallow, andcheese quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans’ hot and humid easingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, over the new raillines. Chicago became the region’s hub, linking the farms of the upper Midwestto New York and other eastern cities by more than 2,000 miles of track in while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleans continued toincrease, the South’s overall share of western trade dropped dramatically.
【4】A sharp rise in demand for grain abroad also encouraged farmers in theNortheast and Midwest to become more commercially oriented. Wheat, which in 1845commanded $1.08 a bushel in New York City, fetched $2.46 in 1855; in similarfashion the price of corn nearly doubled. Farmers responded by specializing incash crops, borrowing to purchase more land, and investing in equipment toincrease productivity.
【5】As railroad lines fanned out from Chicago, farmers began to acquire openprairie land in Illinois and then Iowa, putting the fertile, deep black soilinto production. Commercial agriculture transformed this remarkable treelessenvironment. To settlers accustomed to eastern woodlands, the thousands ofsquare miles of tall grass were an awesome sight. Indian grass, Canada wild rye,and native big bluestem all grew higher than a person. Because eastern plowscould not penetrate the densely tangled roots of prairie grass, the earliestsettlers erected farms along the boundary separating the forest from theprairie. In 1837, however, John Deere patented a sharp-cutting steel plow thatsliced through the sod without soil sticking to the blade. Cyrus McCormickrefined a mechanical reaper that harvested fourteen times more wheat with thesame amount of labor. By the 1850s McCormick was selling 1,000 reapers a yearand could not keep up with demand, while Deere turned out 10,000 plowsannually.
【6】The new commercial farming fundamentally altered the Midwesternlandscape and the environment. Native Americans had grown corn in the region foryears, but never in such large fields as did later settlers who became farmers,whose surpluses were shipped east. Prairie farmers also introduced new cropsthat were not part of the earlier ecological system, notably wheat, along withfruits and vegetables.
【7】Native grasses were replaced by a small number of plants cultivated ascommodities. Corn had the best yields, but it was primarily used to feedlivestock. Because bread played a key role in the American and European diet,wheat became the major cash crop. Tame grasses replaced native grasses inpastures for making hay.
【8】Western farmers altered the landscape by reducing the annual fires thathad kept the prairie free from trees. In the absence of these fires, treesreappeared on land not in cultivation and, if undisturbed, eventually formedwoodlots. The earlier unbroken landscape gave way to independent farms, eachfenced off in a precise checkerboard pattern. It was an artificial ecosystem ofanimals, woodlots, and crops, whose large, uniform layout made western farmsmore efficient than the more-irregular farms in the East.
託福閱讀TPO33題目第2篇:鐵路和商品化農業
rding to paragraph 1, each of the following is true about railroadtrack in the United States EXCEPT:
1850 the United States had less than 10,000 miles of railroadtrack.
the end of the 1850s, Ohio and Illinois contained more railroad trackthan any other state in the country.
of the railroad track built in the United States during the 1850swas located west of the Appalachian Mountain.
1860 there were more miles of railroad track in the United States thanin any other country.
can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the new railroads had which ofthe following effects on farm communities?
new farms were located along the tracks.
ers began to grow wheat as a commercial corp.
farmers decided to grow a wider variety of crops.
nd for manufactured goods increased among farmers.
word "bustling" in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaningto
us.
rtant.
ing.
.
rding to paragraph 3, in what way did the new rail networks changewestern trade?
hwestern farmers almost completely stopped shipping goods bysteamboat.
western goods began to be shipped east by way of Chicago rather thansouth to New Orleans.
ago largely replaced New York and other eastern cities as the finalmarket for goods for the West.
value of goods shipped west soon became greater than the value ofgoods shipped east.
rding to paragraph 3, what was a disadvantage of shipping goods fromnorthwestern areas to New Orleans?
e was no reliable way to get goods from New Orleans to easterncities.
cost of shipping goods by river to New Orleans continued toincrease.
s shipped from New Orleans' neighboring areas had a significantcompetitive advantage because of their lower transportation costs.
temperatures and humidity.
graph 4 supports the idea that the price of wheat more than doubledbetween 1845 and 1855 because
price of corn nearly doubled during that same period.
nd for grain increased sharply outside the United States.
ers in the Northeast and Midwest began to specialize in cashcrops.
farmers had borrowed heavily to purchase land and equipment forraising wheat.
word "transformed" in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaningto
nated.
ged.
oved.
ted.
word "erected" in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaningto
ed for.
d on.
erred.
t.
does author point out that "Indian grass, Canada wild rye, and nativebig bluestem all grew higher than a person"(paragraph 5)?
provide a reason why people from the eastern woodlands of the UnitedStates were impressed when they saw the prairie.
identify an obstacles to the development of the railroad lines fanningout from Chicago.
explain why the transformation of the prairies by commercialagriculture was so remarkable.
provide evidence supporting the claim that the prairies had fertile,deep black soil.
rding to paragraph 5, the first settlers generally did not farm openprairie land because
could not plow it effectively with the tools that wereavailable.
rie land was usually very expensive to buy.
soil along boundaries between the forest and the prairie was morefertile than the soil of the open prairie.
railroad lines had not yet reached the open prairie when the firstsettlers arrived.
word "surpluses" in the passage (paragraph 6) is closest in meaningto
a goods
ercial goods
ocessed goods
sportable goods
rding to paragraph 8, prairie farmers changed the landscape by doingall of the following EXCEPT:
cing annual fires.
ding the land into large, regularly-shaped lots.
ting trees that eventually formed woodlots.
ing off their farms.
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? The problemswere not limited to routes of transport.
The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western trade. ■【A】In1840 most northwestern grain was shipped south down the Mississippi River to thebustling port of New Orleans. ■【B】But low water made steamboat travel hazardousin summer, and ice shut down traffic in winter. ■【C】Products such as lard,tallow, and cheese quickly spoiled if stored in New Orleans' hot and humidwarehouses. ■【D】Increasingly, traffic from the Midwest flowed west to east, overthe new rail lines. Chicago became the region's hub, linking the farms of theupper Midwest to New York and other eastern cities by more than 2,000 miles oftrack in 1855. Thus while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleanscontinued to increase, the South's overall share of western trade droppeddramatically.
14. Prose Summary
The huge expansion of rail lines in Midwestern United States during the1850s had major economic and environmental effects.
truction of new rail lines into the Midwest had been effectivelystopped by the Appalachian Mountains, but by 1850 improved constructiontechnology had made further advances possible.
lines to Chicago and on to the East made it easier to get Midwesterngoods to distant markets, while growing demand encouraged crop specializationand led to higher crop prices.
use of the growing volume of traffic coming by rail from theNortheast and Midwest, the value of goods arriving in New Orleans for shipmentto markets abroad increased dramatically.
ss to rail lines combined with the development of more-efficientfarming equipment allowed e fertile land of the open prairies to be used forlarge-scale commercial agriculture.
ction of annual prairie fires allowed trees to reappear, and nativegrasses were replaced by a few commercially grown plants as previously unbrokengrasslands were divided into large fenced fields.
ve Americans had grown corn on the prairies for years but had notproduced large surpluses because the varieties they planted had far pooreryields than those introduced by commercial farmers.
託福閱讀TPO33第2篇答案:鐵路和商品化農業
1.否定細節題：定位句 By 1850 the United States possessed roughly 9,000 miles ofrailroad track;對應 A 選項。定位句 Much of the new construction during the 1850soccurred west of the Appalachian Mountains E over 2.000 miles in the states ofOhio and Illinois alone.對應C選項，同時由於該句子中沒有出 現有關Ohio andIllinois比較的相關信息.因此B選項錯誤。定位句then years later it had over 30,000 miles，more thanthe rest of the world combined. 對應D選項。
2.推斷題：定位句The effect of the new railroad lines rippled outward through theeconomy. Farmers along the tracks began to specialize in corps that they couldmarket in distant locations. With their profits they purchased manufacturedgoods that earlier they might have made athome.意思是說因爲鐵路建設帶動了經濟，農民開始有錢了，於是就開始買手工製品了。因此就可以推斷出，農民有錢了就有了買東西的慾望和需求。
ling， 繁忙的，對應D。
4.細節題：定位句 The new railroad networks shifted the direction of western ago became the legion's hub, linking the farms of the upper Midwest to NewYork and other eastern cities by more than 2.000 miles of track in1855.意思是鐵路的建設轉移了西方貿易的方向，芝加哥成爲了貿易中心，取代了原先的新奧爾良。因此答案是B。
5.細節題：Thus while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleanscontinued to increase, the South's overall share of western trade droppeddramatically.意思是說因爲雖然貨物本身的價值在增加，但是南部的市場份額卻在下降，就暗示了越來越少人的人願意通過該途徑運貨，即要麼速度太慢要麼成本太高。因此這道題的答案是B。
6.細節題：定位句A sharp rise in demand for grain abroad also encouraged farmers inthe Northeast and Midwest to become more commerciallyoriented.國外的糧食需求猛增，然後該段最後出現的結果就是價格上升。
sform，變形，對應B。
t，建立，對應D。
9.修辭目的題：定位句As railroad lilies fanned out from Chicago, farmers began toacquire open prairie land in Illinois and then Iowa, putting the fertile, deepblack soil into production.該段的主旨：農民將肥沃的黑土投入生產中，題幹中的信息是一個具體的例子，表明的是具體的產物。
10.細節題：定位句 Because eastern plows could not penetrate the densely tangledroots of prairie grass, the earliest settlers erected farms along the boundaryseparating the forest from the prairie.原因是梨不能穿透草地，因此答案只可能是A。
luses，剩餘，多餘的東西，選A。
12.否定細節題：定位句 Western farmers altered the landscape by reducing the annualfires that had kept the prairie free from trees.對應A選項。定位句The earlier unbrokenlandscape gave to independent farms, each fenced off in a precise checkerboardpattern.對應D選項。定位句 The earlier unbroken landscape gave to independent farms. eachfenced off in a precise checkerboard pattern. It was an artificial ecosystem ofanimals, woodlots. and crops, whose large, uniform layout made western farmsmore efficient than the more -irregular farms in the East, checkerboard pattern棋盤格樣式，對應B選項。C選項錯在沒有提到planting trees。
13.句子插入題：原句的意思是問題不僅侷限在道路運輸上，因此我們可以推斷出該句子的下一句應該會提到其他的問題，因此第三個方框滿足要求。前面再講水路問題，後面講到了天氣和溼度問題。插入的句子正好起到了承上啓下的作用。
ss to rail lilies combined with the development of more - efficientfanning equipment allowed fertile land of the open prairies of the open prairiesto be used for large - scale commercialagriculture.正確。對應第二、五段，鐵路的發展帶動經濟，農民獲得土地，改進農作用具，提高農作物的產量。
Reduction of annual prairie fires allowed trees to reappear, and nativegrasses were replaced by a few commercially grown plants as previously unbrokengrasslands were decided into large fencedfields.正確。對應第八段主旨，農民通過各式各樣的方法改變地貌，發展農業。
E正確。對應第三段主要內容 The new railroad networks shifted the direction of westerntrade. Chicago became the region's hub，linking the farms of the upper Midwest toNew York and other eastern cities by more than 2.000 miles of track in while the value of goods shipped by river to New Orleans continued toincrease, the South's overall share of western trade droppeddramatically.水利交通的沒落和鐵路運輸的興起。
