Present Perfect現在完成時
The present perfect tense has a number of uses.
現在完成時態有許多使用方法。
1 We use it to talk about experience.
1 我們使用它討論經驗
• I’ve worked in 6 different countries.• Have you ever been to Australia?
• She’s won many awards for her books.
When these things happened is not important – the focus is on the action/state, not when it happened.
這些事情什麼時候發生的並不重要，關鍵是現在的狀態，而不是什麼時候發生的。
If we say when we had the experience, we must use the past simple.
當我們說我們什麼時候有的這個經驗，我們必須使用一般過去時。
• I’ve visited Russia several times.• BUT I visited Russia for the first time in 1992.
We can never use the present perfect with a time in the past.
在有過去的時間時，我們不能用現在完成時。
• I have been to Spain in 2002.2 We also use the present perfect to talk about things that are unfinished – unfinished states and unfinished time periods.
我們也用現在完成時表述未完成的事情——未完成的狀態和未結束的時間區間
• I’ve known him since I was 11. (unfinished state)I met him when I was 11. I still know him now. The present perfect is acting as a bridge between the past and the present.
當我11歲時，我見到他。我現在仍然知道他。現在完成時就像一個過去和現在的橋樑。
• I’ve had this watch for almost thirty years.• We’ve lived here since I was a boy.
• She’s been to the cinema three times this week. (unfinished time period)
This week isn’t finished yet – she may go to the cinema again.
本週還沒有結束——她可能還會去電影院。
• We’ve already had two holidays this year.• I’ve eaten too much today.
3 A third use of the present perfect is to show the present result of a past action
3 現在完成時的第3個用法是展示過去行爲的現在結果。
• I’ve lost my keys.He lost his keys some time in the past but the result – he can’t get into his house – is in the present.
他過去某段時間丟了鑰匙，但結果是在現在——他不能進入房間。
• John’s broken his leg and he can’t go on holiday.• A storm has blown down the telephone lines. We’re stuck here!
