【雅思備考】雅思聽力中的口語經

很多烤鴨在使用稍複雜的口語句型時都有所保留，因爲總感覺會出錯，所以乾脆只使用簡單的語法，或是把精力都用在詞彙等其他方面上，但是這些做法都無法彌補考官心中所期望的高分語法要求，其實只要考生在表達過程中努力嘗試使用一些高級的語法句型，哪怕是偶爾出現了一些錯誤，考官給予的分數也一定比只使用簡單語法的情況要高一些的。所以爲了能夠儘自己所能提高語法分數，我們一定要大膽嘗試一些高級的語法句型。接下來，專家就帶考生們一起通過一些聽力真題來了解一下哪些高級語法會贏得考官的關注和好感吧。

高級語法使用（Higher Level Grammar）

七分必備語法之非真實條件句：

【聽力真題】

If we were aware of what the weather would be like, say, next year, we could make sure that the farmers planted appropriate grain varieties to produce the best yield from the available rainfall.【7-3-3】

But if you could search out some silver paper to bring along to use in the sessions, you know, it’s shiny – it looks like water, that’d be great.【6-2-1】

Secondly, there is something very powerful in our need to pampered and looked after, it’s almost as If we return to being a baby, when everything was done for us and we felt safe and secure.【7-3-4】

I’d say your first two sections are spot on. I wouldn’t suggest that you change anything there, but in section three you really do need to have questions on teaching experience.【6-2-3】

【相關點評】

以上是劍橋6和7的各個section的聽力真題，在其中我們聽到了各種形式虛擬語氣的使用，包括：

If 引導的非真實條件狀語從句

表示建議,要求,命令,想法（如 suggest，advise，insist）的動詞後的從句

含有as if / as though 的從句

虛擬語氣可以表示說話人的一種願望，假設，懷疑，猜測，建議等含義，因爲在雅思口語的很多真題都是針對預測和建議而設置的，因此它們是不可替代的高分語法結構，例如：

【真題舉例】

Part 1：

What would you recommend a tourist see in your hometown?

If you could redesign your home，what would you do?

If you could go back in time,  what would you do differently?

Part 2：

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Describe a party you would like to arrange for your friends or family.

You should say:

 who you would invite to the party

when and where you would hold the party

 what you (or, your guests) would do at the party

and explain why you would hold this party.

………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Part 3：

Do you think it would be a good idea to have a festival that is truly international, that is celebrated by everyone all over the world?

If you were to decide upon (or, set) an international celebration, what would it be?

所以正確並熟練地使用以上聽力真題中的虛擬語氣的句型，尤其是其中的“if…would”這樣最基本的虛擬語氣句型，是拿到語法高分的一個很重要的因素。

【利用指數】★★★★★

高級語法使用（Higher Level Grammar）

七分必備語法之情態動詞完成時：

【聽力真題】

The early farmers kept various animals, including cattle and sheep. There’s also evidence of pigs, but it is possible that these could have been descended from the native wild species… we must assume that form the beginnings of Neolithic farming the number of breeding sheep would have considerably exceeded three hundred, and the national catle erd must have been of a similar size…but this method would have severely restricted the range of the colonising fleets.  The sheer volume of animal transport necessary means it’s unlikely that this livestock could have been brought from anywhere further than England…the body of the plough would have been of wood and could have been drawn by people, but it’s also likely that cattle were used… however, after the axe had been chipped into shape, they needed water and sand for grinding and polishing, so a high mountainside wouldn’t have been an appropriate place for this. So this final stage of the manufacture must have been carried out close to water and sure enough, there’s ample evidence of this at coastal sites… after firing, the outside was often polished. This would have helped the pots of retain water, as they weren’t glazed… this could have been an limitation of earlier vessels which were made of leather sewn onto wood.

以上我們選取了劍橋6 test3 section 4中的聽力原文進行分析，因爲場景是關於新石器時代的畜牧，農耕和陶器製作等的講座，所以需要大量地表達對過去事實的推測，因此我們可以聽到頻繁地出現了情態動詞+動詞完成時的結構：

Could+ have done：表示“過去本來可以做某事，但實際上沒有做”

Would+ have done：表示對過去事情的假設，意思是“本來會做”

Must+ have done：用於肯定句，表示“過去一定做過某事”，表示一種很有把握的推測。

除此之外，還有類似的結構，如：

should (ought to) have done ：表示過去應該做而（實際）沒有做的事情,含有責備或遺憾的語氣，意爲“本應該……”

needn’t have done：表示過去沒有必要做某事，但實際上做了某事

may／might have done：表示對過去情況的一種不太有把握的可能性推測，表示“過去可能／大概已做了某事”

分析認爲，在雅思口語真題中，有大量題目都是針對過去發生的事情，所以需要表達對過去的各種推測的語氣時，正需要這種結構，例如：

【真題舉例】

Part 1：

When was the last time you gave flowers to someone?

Ø  What subjects are you studying?

Ø  Why did you choose to study that subject? 

Part 2：

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Describe an antique or some other old thing that your family has kept for a long time.

You should say:

what it is

when your family first got this thing

how long your family has kept it

and explain why this thing is important to your family.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Part 3：

Do you agree that even very young children are under much more pressure than before to do well at school?

Have people's attitudes about recycling changed in recent years?

這種情態動詞+動詞完成時的結構因爲在口語表達上的複雜性和實用性，所以如果烤鴨們嘗試使用，絕對是雅思口語中穩拿高分的句型。

【利用指數】★★★★