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判斷關係代詞與關係副詞

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判斷關係代詞與關係副詞
18.3 判斷關係代詞與關係副詞
 
  方法一: 用關係代詞,還是關係副詞完全取決於從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞後面無賓語,就必須要求用關係代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關係副詞。例如:
  This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
  I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

  判斷改錯(注:先顯示題,再顯示答案,橫線;用不同的顏色表示出。)
  (錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
  (錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
  (對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
  (對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

  習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關係副詞 where, when聯繫在一起。此兩題錯在關係詞的誤用上。

  方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關係副詞。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
  A. where B. that  C. on which  D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
  A. where  B. that  C. on which  D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A

例1變爲肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2變爲肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
  在句1中,所缺部分爲賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關係代詞,所以應選D。
  而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分爲句子的狀語表地點,既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A。
  關係詞的選擇依據在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關係代詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應選擇關係副詞 ( where 地點狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語) 。

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