關於抑鬱症你瞭解多少

我們每個人都有一定程度的抑鬱風險。對於有些人來說，機會很小;對於另一些人來說幾乎不可避免。接下來，小編給大家準備了關於抑鬱症你瞭解多少,歡迎大家參考與借鑑。

We all have our own vulnerabilities for depression, based on our life experiences, health conditions, substance use, and genetic4 predisposition. A person's risk for becoming depressed at some point in his or her life ranges from low to high, based upon the interaction of all of these factors.

對於抑鬱，我們都有各自的薄弱點，這些可能和人生經歷、健康情況、物質濫用和遺傳易感性有關。在這些因素的共同作用下，一個人一生中的抑鬱風險有高有低。

A good general way to think of the factors that lead to depression is with the two-hit hypothesis. This model suggests that people become depressed when the effects of their genetic composition—which itself puts them somewhere on a scale of low-to-high likelihood of eventually developing depression—combine with stressful life experiences.

採取“兩步假設法”可以從宏觀上了解這些因素是怎樣導致抑鬱的。這個模式認爲，在基因組成(其本身也對產生抑鬱影響有高低之分)和充滿壓力的生活的共同作用下，人們就抑鬱了。

Even those individuals with a low genetic tendency for depression can become depressed when they experience extreme stress. On the other hand, people with strong genetic predispositions may become depressed without experiencing much stress. Naturally, the people with both high stress and strong genetic predispositions are the most likely to have a depressive disorder5.

即便一個人抑鬱的遺傳傾向程度低，但是處於極度壓力下的時候，這人也會抑鬱;同樣，抑鬱的遺傳傾向程度高的那些人，即使沒處於壓力環境中，也可能抑鬱。自然地，那些高壓力、高(遺傳)基因易感性的人患抑鬱症的可能性最大。

While the two-hit hypothesis is useful conceptually, making predictions for particular individuals is still a challenge. For example, because of their psychological characteristics, people respond to stress in different ways. Plus, the genetics of depression is not as simple as something like eye color.

雖然這“兩步假設法”理論上行得通，可是要預測特定個體，依然是一個挑戰。例如，心理特徵不同的人對壓力的反應不同。另外，抑鬱的基因可不像決定眼睛顏色的基因那麼簡單。

What stressful conditions might contribute to someone developing depression?

有哪些充滿壓力的環境能讓人們抑鬱呢?

emotional or physical abuse, especially when it continues over long periods

身心虐待，尤其是長期的

sexual abuse

性虐待

emotional and physical neglect

情緒或身體被忽視

chaotic6 home environment

混亂的家庭環境

chronic7 illnesses, especially during childhood

慢性疾病，尤其是在兒童時期

substance abuse, including alcoholism

物質濫用，包括酗酒

chronic insomnia8 and sleep deprivation9

長期失眠和睡眠剝奪

How can stress early in life affect mood and brain functioning later on? There are several theoretical possibilities. One is that stress hormones10 influence the development of key areas of the brain related to mood and emotions.

人生早期的壓力對隨後的情緒、大腦運作有何影響?有一些理論對此進行了解釋。其中一個理論認爲壓力荷爾蒙會影響和情緒、情感有關的關鍵大腦區域的發育。

Is there a depression gene3?

有一種“抑鬱基因"嗎?

The genetics of depression are complex and not yet fully11 understood. A single depression gene locus12 has not been found; rather, several sections of the genome have been identified that are associated with a higher probability of having depression.

有關抑鬱的基因研究很複雜，還沒有被人們完全瞭解。尚未找到一個單一的抑鬱基因位點;不過，已經發現一些基因組，它們和較易導致抑鬱

You are at higher risk for depression if ...

下面的情況出現時，出現抑鬱的風險更大......

you have had significant difficulty due to depression in the past

抑鬱曾爲你帶來巨大的困擾

depression runs in your family, especially in close blood relatives

有抑鬱家史，尤其是近親中

you have been exposed to chronic stressful circumstances

長期處於壓力大的環境中

If you think that you are at high risk for depression, you should be alert for early signs of any symptoms of a mood disorder and you should then talk with your mental health specialist about possible treatments. Early treatment can have both short- and long-term benefits.

如果你認爲自己是以爲高抑鬱風險者，那麼對任何情緒紊亂的早期症狀都要警覺，和心理健康專家探討如何治療。及早治療會帶來短期和長期的好處。

Of course, if you already have severe depressive symptoms, then seek help right away. If you are feeling suicidal, talk with someone about it immediately and consult your doctor, or else get to an emergency room fast.

當然，如果你已經有嚴重的抑鬱症狀，那麼應尋求正確的幫助。如果你感到有自殺傾向，立刻和某個人說一說，諮詢你的醫生，或迅速前往急診室。

Consider, too, the risks of your family and friends. You might play an important role in helping13 them get early treatment to prevent worse symptoms in the future.

同樣，要考慮家人和朋友的抑鬱風險。在幫助他們及早治療、預防惡化的過程中，你可能會起到重要的作用。

　　擴展：不景氣時保住工作的五個方法

While a recession may not be inevitable1, the economy is showing slowed growth, and this could mean that some companies consider downsizing. Worries about a US recession have many also worrying about their jobs.

雖然也許經濟消退不可避免，但是經濟卻顯示的是增長放緩，這意味着那些公司在考慮裁員。　對於消退的擔心也然給許多人對工作感到擔心。

You want to make sure that you can keep your job if times get tougher. Below are five things you can do to improve your chances of being kept on.

你希望確保如果時期艱苦，也能保住工作。以下就是提高在職可能性的五個方法：

1. Come up with ways to cut costs.想出節約成本的方法

See areas of waste at your company? Point out practical ways to improve efficiency and cut costs in the workplace. Obviously, now is not the time to ask for a raise. Bonus: If you can see a potential new revenue stream that requires a low (or better yet, no) cost investment, get that going. Someone who is innovative2 at stretching resources is more valuable than someone who does nothing more than consume them.

看見公司存在浪費?指出實際可行的方法來提高效率並節減開支。顯然地，現在並不是要求加薪的時間。　好處：如果你能發現一條投資少卻是新的收入渠道，　那麼就讓這個想法實現。　那些在最大化利用資源上更具有創新的人們要比那些無非只是消耗它們的人們更有價值。

2. Boost your visibility. 提高可見性

You want to be noticed in a positive way. Make sure you are on time to work, and that you limit your vacation time. Also, if you are making solid contributions, make sure that they are noticed. You don't have to be obnoxious3 about it, but you should make sure that your boss is aware of what you add to the company. You want to be known. The first people fired are those with a negative impression. The next to go are those that are unnoticed and therefore expendable.

你希望人們注意到積極的一面。確保你上班準時;你還必須限制休假日期。如果你做出了堅實的貢獻;確保你被別人注意。你不必對此不高興;而是應該讓老闆意識到你給公司添加的東西。 你希望被人們知道。 被解僱的人是那些消極印象的人。而第二批被解僱的人將會是那些不被注意從而可以“被犧牲”的人。

3. Go beyond. 多做事

Look for ways to go beyond what you've been told to do. Volunteer for additional tasks. But be careful! Don't volunteer for more than you can handle. You want to be known as a go-getter who gets the job done well.

尋找超出自己工作範圍之外的事情。 自願去做額外工作。 但是注意!別自願超過力所能及的範圍。 你希望人們把你認爲是一個能把事情做好的“富有進取心的人”。

4. Improve your skill set. 提高你的技能

Are your skills obsolete4? Take extra classes to brush up the latest skills. If career improvement seminars are offered at work, attend them. You want to show your employer that you are still viable5 in the workplace, and that you have the necessary training to continue doing a good job.

你的技能過時了嗎? 參加額外班級來更新你的技能。如果工作中提供職業提升班，那麼就可以參加。 你希望的是在僱主面前表現出在職場上你依然“有用”， 你接受了繼續做好工作的必要培訓。

5. Watch your attitude. 注意自己的態度

Now is not the time to complain constantly. If you have constructive6 ways to make the workplace better, present them in a professional manner. Do not whine7 or complain excessively. A reputation as a morale-killer can lose you your job.

現在可不是抱怨不停的時候。如果你有建設性方法讓工作場所變得更好，以職業的方式提出。不要發牢騷或過度抱怨。一個“士氣殺手”的名聲可能讓你失去工作。

And, because there's no guarantee that you will retain your job in a recession, no matter how hard you try, it doesn't hurt to be prepared. On your own time, update your resume. Also, make sure that you are still networking with old bosses, coworkers, and business contacts. Don't wait until you are laid off to keep your contacts and resume fresh. You will get better results if you are prepared ahead of time.

而且，因爲在不景氣時沒有保不準你會一定不失業，所以，不論多麼努力，做好準備不會是壞事。 在自己的時間內，更新建立。同樣，確保和過去老闆、同事、企業聯繫人有聯繫。 不要等到失業後再更新聯繫人和簡歷信息。 如果提前準備那麼結果會更好。